Browsing by Author "Hussain, Z"
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Item Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis: risk factors, prevention and management.(2003-11-31) Hussain, Z; Kar, P; Husain, S AApart from infectious or viral hepatitis, other most common non-infectious causes of hepatitis are alcohol, cholestatic, drugs and toxic materials. The most common mode that leads to liver injuries is antituberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. The severity of drug-induced liver injury varies from minor nonspecific changes in hepatic structure to fulminant hepatic failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Patients receiving antitubercular drug frequently develop acute or chronic hepatitis. The time required for the metabolites to reach hepatotoxic levels is much earlier with isoniazid plus rifampicin treatment than isoniazid alone and this has been shown to be synergistic rather than additive. Antituberculosis drug (ATT)-inducible cytochrome P-4502E1 (CYP2E1) is constitutively expressed in the liver. Recent studies show that polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genes and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are the major susceptibility risk factors for ATT-induced hepatitis. The hepatic NAT and GST are involved in the metabolism of several carcinogenic arylamines and drugs. The NAT2 enzyme has a genetic polymorphism in human. N-acetyltransferase 2 genes (NAT2) have been identified to be responsible for genetic polymorphism of slow and rapid acetylation in humans. Slow acetylators of NAT2 prove to develop more severe hepatotoxicity than rapid acetylators making it a significant risk factor. Deficiency of GST activity, because of homozygous null mutations at GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci, may modulate susceptibility to drug and xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity. Polymorphisms at GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 loci had been linked to various forms of liver injury, including hepatocellular carcinoma.Item A case of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis solved by unani formulations (Qurs-e-Zarishk, Arq mako and Arq Kasni)(Medip Academy, 2025-05) Hussain, Z; Hamid, S; Wani, NN; Jalal, B; Yaqoob, F.Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is defined as the fat buildup of greater than 5 percent together with the histologic indications of necro-inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning and degeneration. A 60-year-old female patient was diagnosed with Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis on 27/2/2024. She was stable without any symptoms until she developed abdominal discomfort and approached the OPD, department of Moalajat, RRIUM, Srinagar. She was a diagnosed case of NASH, which was confirmed with the help of fibro scan. The regression of NASH, may have been due to anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic effects of the drugs given to the patient. In addition to this, the drugs also possess liver strengthening, demulcent and diuretic effects which add more to their healing effects.Item Pre- & post-treatment levels of serum complement levels (C3 & C4) in children with malaria.(1985-11-01) Kidwai, T; Ahmad, S H; Ahmad, S; Hussain, Z; Malik, A; Khan, T AItem Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in an infant(Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists, 2019-03) Mittal, N; Mahajan, L; Hussain, Z; Gupta, P; Khurana, SPrimary amoebic meningoencephalitis is rare but fatal disease encountered in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we present a case of a previously healthy 8-month-old female child, who presented with features of meningoencephalitis of 2 days' duration. Rapidly moving trophozoites of amoeba were observed in cerebrospinal fluid, which were confirmed to be Naegleria fowleri on polymerase chain reaction. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with ceftriaxone, vancomycin, amphotericin B and acyclovir was initiated. However, the patient deteriorated and left the hospital against medical advice. The isolation of N. fowleri in this case demands for increased awareness for prompt diagnosis and management in view of its high mortality.Item Serum complement levels in cerebral malaria.(1986-03-01) Kidwai, T; Ahmad, S H; Ahmed, S; Hussain, Z; Malik, A; Khan, T AItem Smallpox surveillance in remote and inaccessible areas of India.(1978-01-01) Jezek, Z; Arora, R R; Arya, Z S; Hussain, ZItem To Evaluate the Utility of RIPASA Scoring System in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis and to Correlate Histopathological Finding with this Scoring System(Dr. Annil Mahajan, 2023-07) Ahmad, F; Hussain, Z; Goel, R.Background and Aims: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies encountered by general surgeon. Early diagnosis and management is critical in order to prevent drastic complication. This study was done to analyze the applicability and accuracy of RIPASA scoring in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Methods: This prospective observational study included all the patients above the age of 12 years with clinical feature of acute appendicitis admitted in surgery department. Patients with palpable appendicular lump, appendicular abscess, previous history of urolithiasis and pelvic inflammatory disease were excluded from the study. All the patients were evaluated with complete history taking and clinical examination and subjected to baseline investigation. The patients were subjected to routine baseline investigations including abdominal ultrasonography. We used RIPASA scoring system for all our subject to reach the definitive diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The score has 14 parameters and each parameter is given a numerical value. We classified the patients into four groups according to the score; a)Score<5=Possibility of acute appendicitis is unlikely; b)Score 5-7=Low probability of acute appendicitis; c)Score 7.5-11.0= High probability of acute appendicitis; d)Score >12.0= Definite acute appendicitis. The patients were properly resuscitated before any surgical intervention. Informed written consent was taken and procedure details were explained to the patient and legal attendant. Results: Total of 100 patients was studied. Out of total 100 patients 93 patients (93%) were documented as having appendicitis by histopathology where as 7% of patients had no evidence of appendicitis on histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of RIPASA scoring system in our study came out to be 92.47% and 86.92% respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 86% and 93% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy rate and negative appendectomy rate were 85.56% and 7% respectively. Conclusion: The RIPASA scoring system is easy and simple to apply as majority of the parameters can be obtained from history, clinical examination and few laboratory tests and looked promising when applied to our setting with better sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy.Item Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste Residues for the Production of Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae IIB-6.(2014-04) Fatima, B; Hussain, Z; Khan, M AAims: The aim of this study was to evaluate different solid substrates and moistening agents for the production of an extracellular 1, 4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase from a newly isolated Aspergillus oryzae IIB-6 by solid state fermentation and optimization of culture conditions for the maximal production of enzyme. Study Design: Six different agro-industrial waste residues (rice straw, rice bran, corn flakes, wheat bran, wheat flakes, and grinded wheat kernel) were procured from the local market. These substrates (10 g) were moistened (1:1) with different moistening agents (distilled water, tap water, mineral salts solution (FeSO4.7H2O 0.02, MgSO4.7H2O 1.0, (NH4)2SO4 4.0, KH2PO4 0.6, K2HPO4 1.4 mg/gds at pH 5), 0.1 N HCl, sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5), sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5) and screened for the production of 1,4-α- D-glucan glucohydrolase for 96 hours in static cultures. The substrate and moistening agent that gave maximum enzyme production were selected and their fermentation conditions were further optimized. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIB), GC University Lahore, Kachery Road Lahore, Pakistan, between February 2011 and March 2012. Methodology: The levels of selected solid substrate, moistening agent and fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature, time of incubation, inoculum size etc. were optimized by one variable at a time method. Results: Wheat bran at the level of 5 g and mineral salts solution containing FeSO4.7H2O 0.016, MgSO4.7H2O 0.8, (NH4)2SO4 3.5, KH2PO4 0.48, K2HPO4 1.12 mg/gds gave relatively best enzyme production. The maximum enzyme activity 7800 U/gds (407 Umg-1 protein) were achieved when wheat bran with 80% moisture content was incubated at 30°C, pH 5, after inoculating with 10% spore suspension (1.2×106 CFU/gds) for 72 h. Conclusion: Aspergillus oryzae IIB-6 was a good producer of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase in wheat bran medium containing mineral salts as an additional trace elements so that it can be used for biotechnological purposes.