Pattern of Onychomycosis - A RIMS Study.
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Date
2011-06
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Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails caused by dermatophytes,
yeasts or non-dermatophytes moulds. In this study, 500 patients
suspected of having onychomycosis reffered from the out patient
department (OPD), Dermatology, Regional Institute of Medical
Sciences(RIMS) Hospital Imphal Manipur during the period from
January 2007 to December 2008 were processed in the Department of
Microbiology RIMS. Nail clippings or scrapings depending on the
variety of onychomycosis were collected with sterile blades under all
aseptic measures. Specimens were put up for 10% KOH mount, fungal
cultures on two sets of SDA (Sabouraud‘s dextrose agar) incorporated
with antibiotics and lactophenol cotton blue preparation (LCB) from the
cultures and examined microscopically. Slide cultures were also put up if
necessary. Out of 500 samples processed, a total of 444(88.8%) were
positive for the various fungi. The positive fungi were dermatophytes
258(58.1%), non-dermatophytes 139(31.3%), yeasts and yeast-like
17(3.8%) and mixed fungal isolates 30 (6.7%). Of the 230 males and 270
females studied,193(83.9%) males and 251(92.9%) females respectively
were positive for various fungi causing onychomycosis. Maximum
number of suspected cases were in the age group of 21-30 years.Among
the dermatophytes, Trichophyton species (spp.) 250(50%) was the
commonest isolate followed by Epidermophyton spp. 8(1.6%). Among
the non-dermatophytes, Aspergillus spp. 70(14%) was the commonest
followed by Penicillium spp. 24(4.8%), Acremonium spp. 9(1.8%),
Fusarium spp. 8(1.6%), Curvularia spp. 7(1.4%), Alternaria spp. 5(1%),
Scopulariopsis spp. 4(0.8%), Cladosporium spp. 4(0.8%), Nigrospora
spp. 2(0.4%), Mucor spp. 1(0.2%), Paecilomyces spp. 1(0.2%),
Pseudallescheria spp. (0.2%), Rhizopus spp. 1(0.2%), Verticillium spp.
1(0.2%), Exophiala jeanselmei 1(0.2%). Among the yeast and yeast-like i.e. Candida spp. 15, Geotrichum spp. 1, Rhodotorula spp. 1 were
17(3.8%), mixed fungal isolates 30(6.7%), respectively. Reports were
given to the patient for follow up and treatment. Health awareness and
suggestions were given for prevention and further spread of
onychomycosis.
Description
Keywords
Onychomycosis, nails, dermatophytes, prevalence, nondermatophytes, prevention
Citation
Pukhrambam Pratita Devi, Devi Kh Ranjana, Singh Ng Brajachand. Pattern of Onychomycosis - A RIMS Study. Journal of Communicable Diseases. 2011 Jun; 43(2): 105-112.