Null association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy among multiethnic Malaysian subjects.

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dc.contributor.authorJayapalan, Jaime J
dc.contributor.authorMuniandy, Sekaran
dc.contributor.authorChan, Siew P
dc.date.accessioned2012-06-08T09:43:04Z
dc.date.available2012-06-08T09:43:04Z
dc.date.issued2010-05
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Wide inter-ethnic allelic variations of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) i nsertion-deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism were thought to be responsible for the conflicting gene–diabetic nephropathy disease association worldwide. We have investigated the genetic susceptibility of the ACE gene to diabetic nephropathy in the multiethnic Malaysian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 137 healthy (control) and 256 diabetic subjects were recruited. The diabetic subjects were further subdivided according to their nephropathy status based on urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Triple primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for ACE I/D genotyping. Subsequently, populationwide genetic analysis and gene-disease association studies were performed. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies in all subgroups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Similar allelic and genotypic frequency of ACE I/D gene polymorphism was observed between healthy controls versus pooled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects, and normoalbuminuria versus microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria and End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF) (P > 0.05). Neither ethnicity nor gender exerted any influence on the ACE I/D gene polymorphism (P > 0.05), with the exception of the Chinese ethnic group which exhibited a higher frequency of ID genotype (P = 0.042). A multinomial logistic regression model showed that predictive factors including age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were independently associated with diabetic nephropathy, in that order. CONCLUSION: The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene is not significantly associated with both T2DM and/or diabetic nephropathy in this Malaysian population regardless of ethnicity and gender.en_US
dc.identifier.citationJayapalan Jaime J, Muniandy Sekaran, Chan Siew P. Null association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy among multiethnic Malaysian subjects. Indian Journal of Human Genetics. 2010 May; 16(2): 78-86.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/138903
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.source.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955956/en_US
dc.subjectACE I/D polymorphismen_US
dc.subjecttype 2 diabetes mellitusen_US
dc.subjectdiabetic nephropathyen_US
dc.subjectMalaysian populationen_US
dc.subject.meshDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2 --genetics
dc.subject.meshDiabetic Nephropathies --epidemiology
dc.subject.meshDiabetic Nephropathies --genetics
dc.subject.meshEthnic Groups --genetics
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshGenetic Association Studies
dc.subject.meshGenetic Predisposition to Disease
dc.subject.meshGenotype
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshMalaysia --epidemiology
dc.subject.meshPeptidyl-Dipeptidase A --genetics
dc.subject.meshPolymorphism, Genetic
dc.subject.meshPopulation Groups --epidemiology
dc.titleNull association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy among multiethnic Malaysian subjects.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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