Aqueous-deficient dry eye disease: Preferred practice pattern guidelines on clinical approach, diagnosis, and management

Dry eye disease (DED) is a broad term that includes a diverse group of clinical disorders. Aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE), a subtype of DED, is characterized by decreased tear production by the lacrimal gland. It can be seen in up to one-third of individuals with DED and can be comorbid with a systemic autoimmune process or occur secondary to an environmental insult. Since ADDE can be a source of long-term suffering and severe visual impairment, early identification and adequate treatment are imperative. Multiple etiologies can underlie ADDE, and it is critical to identify the underlying cause to not only improve the ocular health but also to improve the overall quality of life and well-being of affected individuals. This review discusses the various etiologies of ADDE, highlights a pathophysiology-based approach for evaluating underlying contributors, outlines various diagnostic tests, and reviews treatment options. We present the current standards and discuss ongoing research in this field. Through this review, we propose a treatment algorithm that would be useful for an ophthalmologist in diagnosing and managing individuals with ADDE.

Keywords

ADDE, aqueous deficiency dry eye disease, DED, dry eye disease, lacrimal gland, Sjögren’s syndrome

Citation

Donthineni Pragnya R, Doctor Mariya B, Shanbhag Swapna, Kate Anahita, Galor Anat, Djalilian Ali R, Singh Swati, Basu Sayan. Aqueous-deficient dry eye disease: Preferred practice pattern guidelines on clinical approach, diagnosis, and management. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023 Apr; 71(4): 1332-1347

URI

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/224967

Collections

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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