The Impact of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets on Parity and Malaria Sporozoite Infectivity of Anopheles Species in Kamuli District, Uganda
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Date
2020-03
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SCIENCEDOMAIN international
Abstract
Background:Themainobjectiveoftreatingbednetswithinsecticidesistoaffectthemeanlongevityofthemainvectorpopulation,andconsequentlythevectordensityandsporozoiterates.Objective:Thisstudyaimedatestablishingtheimpactofinsecticide-treatedbednets(ITNs)onthelongevityandabilitytotransmitmalariasporozoitesbythevectorspeciesasanassessmentofeffectivenessoftheITNinterventioninKamulidistrict,Uganda.Methods:Indoorhuman-bitingmosquitoesweretrappedinthreerandomlyselectedhousesintwoseparatenightsusingbattery-operatedCDClighttrapsinbothintervention(withITNs)andnon-interventionvillages(withoutITNs).Thefemaleanophelinesweredissectedandtheirparityrates andPlasmodiumfalciparumsporozoitepositivitycomparedbetweenthetwozones.AsporozoiteEnzyme-LinkedImmunoSorbentAssay,ELISA,wasusedtodetectthepresenceofP.falciparumsporozoitesintheparousvectorsinbothzones.TheparityandP.falciparumsporozoiteinfectivitywerecomparedbetweenthetwozonesusingtheKruskal-WallisranksumtestoftheR-Statisticssoftware.Results:Outofthe166Anophelesmosquitoesdissected,37.3%(19outof51)and53.9%(62outof115)wereparousintheinterventionandnon-interventionzones,respectively,indicatingthatparityofthemosquitoeswashigherinthenon-intervention(p=0.005).Infectivityofthevectorsinthenon-interventionexceededthatintheinterventionzone(p=0.032),withactivesporozoitetransmissionobservedbeforeandafterbedtimeinthenon-interventionzone.Conclusion:ResultsshowedthatITNshadimpactedonthesurvivalandconsequentlythedensityoftheoldermalariavectors,andontheirabilitytotransmitPlasmodiumsporozoites.Thiscallsforintensificationofuseofthiseffectivemalariacontrolstrategy,coupledwithbehaviouralchangecommunicationsstrategytopromotecorrectuse,aswellasuseofotherinterventionslikerepellentstoprovideadditionalprotectionespeciallybeforeandafterbedtime
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Keywords
Mosquitosurvival, sporozoiterates, malariacircumsporozoiteprotein, ELISA
Citation
Kabbale Fredrick G., Akol Anne M., Kaddu J. Baptist, Ambrose W. Onapa. The Impact of Insecticide-treated Bed Nets on Parity and Malaria Sporozoite Infectivity of Anopheles Species in Kamuli District, Uganda. International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health. 2020 Mar; 41(1): 35-43