Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes attending rural primary healthcare facilities in Tamil Nadu.
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Date
2016-01
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Abstract
Background. India has a high burden of diabetic retinopathy
ranging from 12.2% to 20.4% among patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A T2DM management programme
was initiated in the public sector in Tamil Nadu. We estimated
the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk
factors.
Methods. We did a cross-sectional survey among patients
with T2DM attending two primary health centres for treatment
and follow-up in Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu in January–
March 2013. We did a questionnaire-based survey, and
measured blood pressure and biochemical parameters (serum
creatinine, plasma glucose, etc.) of the patients. We examined
their eyes by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and defined
diabetic retinopathy using a modified classification by Klein et
al. We calculated the proportion and 95% CI for the prevalence
and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for risk factors associated with
diabetic retinopathy.
Results. Among the 270 patients, the mean (SD) age was
54.5 (10) years. The median duration of T2DM was 48
months. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 29.6%.
Overall, 65.9% of patients had hypertension, 14.4% had
nephropathy (eGFR <60 mg/dl) and 67.4% had neuropathy.
Among patients with comorbid conditions, 60%, 48%,
32%, and 3% were already diagnosed to have hypertension,
neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy, respectively. The
risk factors for diabetic retinopathy were hypertension (AOR
3.2, 95% CI 1.7–6.3), duration of T2DM >5 years (AOR
6.5, 95% CI 3.6–11.7), poor glycaemic control (AOR 2.4,
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Fredrick Tony, Kaur Prabhdeep, Murhekar Manoj V, Jayaraman v, Kolandaswamy K, Rao Sudha Ramachandra, David Joseph K. Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes attending rural primary healthcare facilities in Tamil Nadu. Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes attending rural primary healthcare facilities in Tamil Nadu. National Medical Journal of India. 2016 Jan-Feb; 29(1): 9-13.