Prevalence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Benin City, Nigeria.
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Date
2015
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Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence of disseminated cryptococcosis among symptomatic HIVinfected
patients, attending the Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic at the University of Benin Teaching
Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical
Microbiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria, between September 2010 and August 2011.
Methodology: Five hundred consecutive symptomatic HIV-infected patients, on ART were
enrolled into this cross-sectional study (266 males, 234 females, age range 18-81 years, mean
age, 40.08 years). A blood sample collected from each participant was screened for serum
cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) using the cryptococcal Latex agglutination test. The viral load and
CD4+ T -cell count were also determined in parallel. A structured questionnaire was used to gather
Information on socio demographic characteristics, medical and treatment history of participants.
Data collected and the results of laboratory tests were analyzed using the SPSS software, version
22.0.
Results: The prevalence of serum cryptococcal antigen was 9.8%. Majority (66.8%) of the
participants had a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 100 cells/μl. The association between serum
CRAG and CD4+ T-cell was found to be significant (P < .001). Viral load done for only 90 of the
participants was high in 51.1%. The association between serum CRAG and viral load was found to
be significant (P < .001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of serum CRAG was high among symptomatic HIV- infected patients
on ART, in Benin city, Nigeria, despite ART implementation. There is need therefore for a routine
cryptococcal antigen test for all symptomatic HIV-infected patients on ART, while further
microbiological investigations for those with positive result are recommended for appropriate
medical intervention.
Description
Keywords
Cryptococcus antigen, HIV-patients, CD4+ cell count, viral Load
Citation
Joseph Gabriel, Ogbaini-Emovon Ephraim, Okwara Benson U, Onunu Abel, Kubeyinje Emmanuel. Prevalence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Benin City, Nigeria. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2015; 6(7): 715-722.