The Health Effects of Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Nepalese Children.
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Date
2015
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Abstract
Objectives: In low- and middle-income countries, prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation
has been shown in meta-analyses to increase birthweight and reduce the proportion of babies born
small-for-gestational-age, but the longer term effects are unclear. We examined phenotypic and
health differences between children born to mothers in a randomized controlled trial of prenatal
multiple micronutrient (UNIMAPP) supplementation compared to iron and folate.
Methods: The study was conducted in Dhanusha district, Nepal. We measured anthropometry,
body composition using bioelectrical impedance (with population-specific isotope calibration), blood
pressure, kidney dimensions by ultrasound, and spirometry. Health outcomes were recorded in
questionnaires. Personal estimates of air pollution exposure (particles of less than 4 micrometers
in size) were produced by microenvironment sampling.
Results: We saw 841 children (80% of total), at a mean age of 8.5 years. The unadjusted mean
(95%CI) difference (intervention minus control) in weight-for-age was 0.05 z-scores (-0.09,0.19), in
height-for-age 0.02 z-scores (-0.10,0.15) and in BMI-for-age 0.04 z-scores (-0.09,0.18). Similar
results were obtained from multi-variable regression analysis. No difference was found in body composition, kidney size, blood pressure or lung function. In addition there were no differences in
health outcomes between allocation groups.
Conclusions: Differences that were previously seen in phenotype and blood pressure at birth and
at two years in children born to mothers who received antenatal UNIMMAP supplements were not
apparent at 8.5 years of age. While not ruling out physiological differences and health benefits in
adulthood, our findings do not suggest sustained effects of antenatal micronutrient
supplementation.
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Devakumar Delan, Wells Jonathan, Chaube Shiva, Saville Naomi, Manandhar Dharma, Costello Anthony, Ayres Jonathan, Stocks Janet, Osrin David. The Health Effects of Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Nepalese Children. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety. 2015 Special issue; 5(5): 2029-2030.