Advances in retinal imaging for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.
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Date
2016-01
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME) are leading causes of blindness throughout
the world, and cause significant visual morbidity. Ocular imaging has played a significant role in the
management of diabetic eye disease, and the advent of advanced imaging modalities will be of great value
as our understanding of diabetic eye diseases increase, and the management options become increasingly
varied and complex. Color fundus photography has established roles in screening for diabetic eye disease,
early detection of progression, and monitoring of treatment response. Fluorescein angiography (FA) detects
areas of capillary nonperfusion, as well as leakage from both microaneurysms and neovascularization.
Recent advances in retinal imaging modalities complement traditional fundus photography and provide
invaluable new information for clinicians. Ultra‑widefield imaging, which can be used to produce both color
fundus photographs and FAs, now allows unprecedented views of the posterior pole. The pathologies that
are detected in the periphery of the retina have the potential to change the grading of disease severity, and
may be of prognostic significance to disease progression. Studies have shown that peripheral ischemia may
be related to the presence and severity of DME. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides structural
detail of the retina, and the quantitative and qualitative features are useful in the monitoring of diabetic eye
disease. A relatively recent innovation, OCT angiography, produces images of the fine blood vessels at the
macula and optic disc, without the need for contrast agents. This paper will review the roles of each of these
imaging modalities for diabetic eye disease.
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Keywords
Diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, retinal imaging
Citation
Tan Colin Siang Hui, Chew Milton Cher Yong, Lim Louis Wei Yi, Sadda Srinivas R. Advances in retinal imaging for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016 Jan; 64(1): 76-83.