Sleep disordered breathing: OSA, CSA, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis.
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Date
2013-07
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent disorder that has been
reported to occur in 2 to 4% of middle-aged adults. A similar prevalence of OSAS has
been reported from India as well. However, this condition is frequently unrecognized
and underdiagnosed. Important pathophysiological changes in patients with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an alteration in human upper airway leading to a
reduction in cross-sectional area of the upper airway contributing to the easy
collapsibility of upper airway during sleep. Other pathophysiological changes in OSA
are oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, sympathetic nerve activation, endothelial
dysfunction, procoagulant activity, intrathoracic pressure changes and metabolic
dysregulation. The gold standard for diagnosis of OSA is full polysomnography.
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Keywords
Obstructive sleep apnea, Central sleep apnea, Oxidative stress, Metabolic dysregulation, Polysomnography
Citation
Vijayan V K. Sleep disordered breathing: OSA, CSA, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis. Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India). 2013 Jul-Dec; 49(3&4): 92-102.