Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Individuals Living with HIV and Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment in Tanzania.
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Date
2015
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Abstract
Aim: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) among HIV
positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania.
Study Design: A cross sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥18years living with HIV-infection and receiving ART.
Place and Duration of Study: The study participants were recruited from 12 care and treatment
clinics in Dar es Salaam (urban) and Mbeya (rural) regions between October 2011 and February
2012.
Methodology: The prevalence of MetS was assessed using International Diabetes Federation’s
criteria. Biochemical assays, anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics and
lifestyle behavioural data were collected.
Results: Study response rate was 351/377(93.1%) and 177 (50.4%) recruited participants were
from urban settings and 238 (67.8%) were females. The prevalence of MetS was 25.6% and was
higher among participants from urban than those from rural areas (35.6% vs 15.5%, p<.001). The
components of MetS including raised triglyceride (43.5% vs 21.3%, p<.001), low high density
lipoprotein (85.9% vs 28.2%, p<.001) and raised blood fasting glucose (10.2% vs 5.2%, p=.04)
were more common among participants from urban than those from rural settings. MetS Risk
factors including; consumption of fruits/vegetables <5 days/week (77.0% vs 59.3%, p<.001), not
participating on vigorous intensity activities (65.5% vs 29.4% p<.001) and consuming mixed
cooking oil (animal/vegetable) (15.5% vs 8.5%, p=.03) were higher among participants from rural
than those from urban areas. In rural, only consumption of vegetables/fruits <5 days/week
(AOR=5.50, 95%CI 1.21-24.95, p=.005) predicted the prevalence of MetS. In urban; sex (female)
(AOR=3.01, 95%C 1.31-6.85, p=.002), having primary/no formal education (AOR=0.32, 95%CI
0.12-0.89, p=.04) and ex- or current alcohol drinker (AOR=2.43, 95%CI 1.17-5.06, p=.02) were
significant predictors of MetS.
Conclusion: Prevalence, components and predictors of MetS prevailed more in urban than in rural
settings. Interventions targeting prevention of MetS to reduce diabetes and cardiovascular
diseases should consider settings diversification.
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Keywords
Metabolic Syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antiretroviral therapy, risk factors, rural, urban, Tanzania
Citation
Kagaruki Gibson B, Kimaro Godfather D, Mweya Clement N, Kilale Andrew M, Mrisho Ray M, Shao Amani F, Kalinga Akili K, Kahwa Amos M, Ngadaya Esther S, Materu Godlisten S, Mfinanga Sayoki G, Mayige Mary T. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Individuals Living with HIV and Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment in Tanzania. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2015; 5(10): 1317-1327.