Leukocyte, Haemostatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers are Activated in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): A Pilot Study.
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Date
2014-09-11
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Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) provides a huge economic strain worldwide
and is responsible for over 4 million deaths in Europe annually. Atherosclerosis, a key
component of CVD, is recognised as an inflammatory process. This clinical pilot-study
aimed to compare a range of selective leukocyte, haemostatic and inflammatory
biomarkers in patients with CVD to healthy volunteers.
Original Research Article
British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 4(26): 4392-4406, 2014
4393
Patients and Methods: Fifty participants were recruited, 21 patients with CVD (due to
atherosclerosis) and 29 healthy volunteers (with no history of CVD or diabetes). All
participants for the study provided a non-fasting venous blood sample prior to analysis
(n=50). The biomarkers measured included the Cluster of Differentiation 11b (CD11b)
cell surface expression in monocytes and neutrophils, neutrophil elastase, fibrinogen,
von Willebrand Factor (vWF), protein C and C-Reactive Protein (CRP).
Results: vWF levels were significantly raised in CVD patients (186.8±106.6 %vWF:Ag)
compared to healthy volunteers (109.9±85.2 %vWF:Ag), (p<0.001). CRP was
significantly raised (3mg/dL) in CVD patients compared to healthy volunteers (<3mg/dL),
(p=0.036), with the CD11b cell surface expression in monocytes being higher (0.64±0.55
MFI) in CVD patients compared to healthy volunteers (0.37±0.44 MFI), (p<0.005). No
differences were observed for protein C, fibrinogen, neutrophil elastase or neutrophil
CD11b in CVD patients compared to healthy volunteers (p>0.05).
Discussion and Conclusion: Patients with CVD have elevated levels of vWF, CRP and
CD11b cell surface expression (monocytes) compared to healthy volunteers. The results
of this study support the premise of leukocyte, haemostatic and inflammatory
involvement during CVD, and that measuring biomarkers such as vWF and leukocyte
CD11b cell surface expression, may aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with
CVD. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required to fully understand
the relationship between these markers and CVD.
Description
Keywords
Leukocytes, haemostasis, inflammation, cardiovascular disease
Citation
Dudley K L, Smith J P, Rides S J, Vallance D T, Banerjee A K , Hughes S F. Leukocyte, Haemostatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers are Activated in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): A Pilot Study.British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2014 Sept; 4(26): 4392-4406.