Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Mubi General Hospital, Yola-Nigeria.
Loading...
Date
2014-07-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Aims: This study was conducted to determine the distribution and antimicrobial
susceptibility of uropathogens among patients attending Mubi general hospital as well as
to determine the effect of gender on the etiology of bacterial uropathogens.
Study Design: Distributions of urinary isolates and their antibiogram
Place and Duration of Study: Mubi General Hospital, Adamawa State, between April,
2013 and January, 2014
Methodology: Urine samples of 101 patients comprised of 46 males and 55 females
were analyzed for bacterial growth, antibiogram and multiple antibiotic resistance index.
Results: Females showed higher prevalence of UTI than males. Gram negative bacteria
(61.7%) were found in high prevalence than Gram positive (29.3%). Staphylococcus
aureus (58.3%) has the highest prevalence rate among Gram positive organisms, while
Citrobacter freundii (25.3%) was the most prevalent Gram negative isolates. Citrobacter
freundii (17.9%) was the most prevalent uropathogens closely followed by S. aureus
(17.1%). Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed on all isolated bacteria by the disc
diffusion method employing multiple antibiotic discs differently for both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates. The results showed that S. aureus and Coagulase Negative
Staphylococci (CoNS) were more susceptible to Chloramphenicol (83%), followed by
Streptomycin and Amoxicillin (78%). While their resistance profile showed that S. aureus
and CoNS are more resistant to Ampiclox, Gentamycin and Rifampicin (31%).
Susceptibility to all the antibiotics by Gram positive organisms was significantly higher
than their resistance to the same antibiotics (p< 0.05). Gram negative organisms are
more susceptible to Streptomycin (62%), followed by Ciprofloxacin (47%) and Ofloxacin
(44%), while their resistance profile showed that they are more resistance to Nalixidic
acid (79%) followed by Augmentin (76%), Ampicillin (75%) and Reflacine (74%).
Resistance to all the antibiotics by Gram negative organisms is significantly higher than
their susceptibility to the same antibiotics (p<0.05). Using spearman correlation, the
results further showed significant correlation in resistance between P. vulgaris,
Escherichia coli and P. agglomerans (p<0.01). Also, there was significant correlation in
resistance between E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter diversus and P. vulgaris (p<0.05).
The multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) index of each antibiotic was calculated. The
MAR index for Gram positive antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Gram
negative antibiotics (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, we found multidrug resistance strains which are resistant to
most of the antimicrobials agent tested more especially the Gram negative
uropathogens. This reflected the fact that Nalixidic acid, Augmentin, Ampicillin,
Reflacine, Ceporex and Septrin were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the
hospital even before the results of urine analyses and also the most easily available in
the market without prescription and because they were also very cheap in terms of cost.
Consequently, the widespread use or misuse of antimicrobial drugs has led to a general
rise in the emergence of resistant bacteria.
Description
Keywords
Urinary tract infection, Citrobacter freundii, antibiotic, susceptibility, resistance
Citation
Tula M Y, lyoha O. Distribution and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Mubi General Hospital, Yola-Nigeria. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2014 July; 4(19): 3591-3602.