Dietary Risk Factors for Sporadic Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease: A Confirmatory Case-Control Study.
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Date
2014-04-21
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Abstract
Aims: This study’s primary purpose was to determine whether earlier findings suggesting an
association between sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), a transmissible spongiform
encephalopathy of humans and specific dietary components could be replicated. The a priori
hypotheses were that consumption of (i) foods likely to contain organ tissue and (ii) raw/rare
meat are associated with increased sCJD risk.
Study Design: Population-based case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda
University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; 4 years.
Methodology: An 11-state case-control study of pathologically confirmed, definite sCJD
cases, matched controls, and a sample of control-surrogates was conducted. Ninety-six
percent (106/110) of the case data was obtained in 1991-1993, prior to variant CJD publicity.
Results: Using control self-responses, consumption of hot dogs, sausage, pepperoni,
kielbasa, "other" canned meat, poultry liver, any stomach/intestine, beef stomach/intestine,
any organ tissue, and beef organ tissue was individually associated with increased sCJD risk;
odds ratios (OR) ranged from 2.4 to 7.2 (0.003 <p<0.025). Rare/raw meat consumption was
associated with sCJD (OR=2.0; p<0.05). Greater consumption of hot dogs, bologna, salami,
sausage, pepperoni and kielbasa was associated with significantly higher risk. The OR for
gizzard consumption was 7.6, p<0.04. Bologna, salami, any liver, beef liver and pork
stomach/intestine were marginally associated with sCJD: ORs ranged from 1.7 to 3.7; 0.05
<p< 0.10. Brain consumption was not associated with an elevated risk. Analyses using
control-surrogate data indicate that use of the control self-responses did not bias the results
away from the null hypothesis.
Conclusions: The a priori hypotheses were supported. Consumption of various meat
products may be one method of transmission of the infectious agent for sCJD.
Description
Keywords
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, dietary risk factors, confirmatory case-control study;, prion diseases, neuroepidemiology
Citation
Davanipour Zoreh, Sobel Eugene, Ziogas Argyrios, Smoak Carey, Bohr Thomas, Doram Keith, Liwnicz Boleslaw.Dietary Risk Factors for Sporadic Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease: A Confirmatory Case-Control Study. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2014 Apr; 4(12): 2388-2417.