Effect of combination of Phyllanthus emblica, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum on spatial learning and memory in rats.
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Date
2014-10
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Abstract
Background: There has been a steady rise in number of patients suffering from dementia including dementia associated
with Alzheimer’s disease. Effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease dementia is an unmet medical need. Objective: To
evaluate effects of formulation containing combination of Phyllanthus emblica (Pe) and Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) with and
without Ocimum sanctum (Os) on learning and memory performance of normal and memory impaired rats in complex
maze and compare with effects of Tinospora cordifolia and Phyllanthus emblica alone. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats;
either sex (100–150 g) were divided in seven groups Control, Piracetam, Rivastigmine, Tc, Pe, Formulation 1 (Tc + Pe),
and Formulation 2 (Tc + Pe + Os).The study was divided in four parts: In part 1 memory enhancement was tested in
normal rats. In part 2, 3, and 4 the effects of drugs were tested in Scopolamine‑, Diazepam‑, and Cyclosporine‑induced
amnesia. Hebb–Williams maze was used to test for learning and memory. Time required to trace food and number of
errors in maze were noted. Results: In normal rats, all test drugs showed significant reduction in time required to trace
the food and number of errors after 24 h compared with vehicle control. Formulations 1 and 2 reduced the time required
to trace food and number of errors and the results were comparable with positive control groups and comparators Tc
and Pe. Formulations 1 and 2 reversed amnesia produced by Scopolamine, Diazepam, and Cyclosporine when compared
with vehicle control and showed comparable results with those of positive control groups and comparators Tc and Pe.
Conclusion: Formulations 1 and 2 demonstrated nootropic activity and both the formulations showed comparable nootropic
activity with that of Tc and Pe alone.
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Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, Hebb-William’s maze, Medhya, Rasayana, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus emblica, Tinospora cordifolia
Citation
Malve Harshad O, Raut Sanket B, Marathe Padmaja A, Rege Nirmala N. Effect of combination of Phyllanthus emblica, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum on spatial learning and memory in rats.Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2014 Oct-Dec; 5(4): 209-215.