Residential Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight of Neonates: Case Control Study in a Public Hospital in Lucknow, India.
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Date
2013-01
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Abstract
Objective: To determine whether residential environmental
tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy is associated
with low birth weight (LBW) neonates and establish a dose
response relationship.
Design: Case control study.
Setting: Tertiary care hospital.
Methodology: Mothers giving birth to LBW neonate (<2.5 kg)
were cases and those whose neonates weighed ≥2.5 kg at birth
were controls. Excluded were women smokers and tobacco
chewers, high parity (>3), multiple pregnancy and still births.
Included were 100 cases and 200 controls, aged 20 to 30 years.
Information was collected on ETS exposure and other risk factors
of LBW within 24 hours of delivery. Clinical information like
maternal haemoglobin levels, birth weight and gestational age of
the neonate was extracted from hospital records.
R E S E A R C H P A P E R
Results: On univariate analysis, preterm pregnancy, low
socioeconomic status, previous LBW neonate, no utilization of
antenatal care (ANC), severe anemia and ETS exposure were
statistically significantly associated with LBW neonate and
controlling for these in logistic regression analysis, adjusted Odds
ratio for ETS exposure association with LBW neonate was 3.16
(95% CI=1.88-5.28). A dose response relationship was also found
which was statistically significant (10-20 cigarettes smoked/day:
OR = 4.06, 95% CI=1.78-9.26 and >20 cigarettes smoked/day,
OR = 17.62, 95% CI= 3.76-82.43).
Conclusion: Exposure to ETS during pregnancy is associated
with LBW of neonates. Hence, there is an urgent need to
increase awareness about health hazards of ETS during
pregnancy and bring about behavioural changes accordingly as a
one of the strategies to reduce LBW deliveries in India.
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Keywords
Environmental tobacco smoke, Etiology, India, Low, birth weight, Neonate, Passive smoking
Citation
Khattar Divya, Awasthi Shally, Das Vinita. Residential Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy and Low Birth Weight of Neonates: Case Control Study in a Public Hospital in Lucknow, India. Indian Pediatrics. 2013 January; 50(1): 134-138.