Individual and Combined Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts from Medicinal Plants Carissa spinarum Linn and Carica papaya Linn.
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Date
2014-12
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Abstract
Aim: To assess inhibitory effect of extracts, alone and in combination, from Carissa
spinarum Linn (C. spinarum L.) and Carica papaya Linn (C. papaya L.) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The combined extracts
used were C. papaya L leaves petroleum ether extract/C. spinarum L root methanolic
extract (CPLP/CSRM), C. spinarum L leaves petroleum ether extract/C. papaya L seed
ethanolic extract (CSLP/CPSE), C. spinarum L root ethanolic extract/C. papaya L leaves
ethanolic extract (CSRE/CPLE), C. papaya L root ethanolic extract/C. spinarum L bark
ethanolic extract (CPRE/CSBE) and C. papaya L leaves methanolic extract/C. spinarum L
leaves methanolic extract (CPLM/CSLM).
Study Design: In vitro antibacterial assay.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Samunge village at Loliondo
in Ngorongoro district located in northern Tanzania. Antimicrobial bioassay was carried
out at the Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Dar-es-
Salaam, between March 2013 and June 2013.
Methodology: The broth micro dilution method was used to determine minimum inhibition
concentration (MIC). Fractional inhibitory concentrations were calculated from MICs of
individual and combined extracts to determine interactions.
Results: Plant extracts demonstrated MICs ranging from 312 to 5000 μg/ml. The
combination of plant extracts against S. aureus resulted into antibacterial activity of
CPSE, CPRE, CPLM, CSLM and CPLP extracts to increase by 4-, 2-, 4-, 4-, and 2-fold,
respectively. Activity of CSLP, CPLM and CSLM increased by 2-fold against E. coli.
Synergy was demonstrated by CPLM/CSLM against S. aureus. Some combinations were
additive including CPRE/CSBE, CPLP/CSRM and CSLP/CPSE against S. aureus and
CSLP/CPSE, CPRE/CSBE, CPLM/CSLM against E. coli. Nevertheless, antagonism was
demonstrated by CSRE/CPLE, CPLP/CSRM against E. coli and CSLP/CPSE and
CSRE/CPLE against S. aureus.
Conclusion: This study revealed the importance of using plant-based antibacterial
agents in combined therapy to increase efficacy. Extracts of C. spinarum L and C. papaya
L could be a source of antibacterial agents when utilized in combination therapy for
patients with severe E. coli and staphylococcal infections. These predictors, however,
need to be validated to improve their quality.
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Keywords
Carissa spinarum L, Carica papaya L, combined crude extracts, antibacterial activity
Citation
Rubaka Clarence, Ndakidemi Patrick, Malebo Hamisi M, Shahada Francis. Individual and Combined Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts from Medicinal Plants Carissa spinarum Linn and Carica papaya Linn.European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2014 Dec; 4(12): 1513-1523.