Studies on Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Potentials of Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (Del.) Parts on Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Isolates.
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Date
2014-07
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Abstract
Aims: To determine the phytochemicals and antibacterial potentials of parts of Balanite
aegyptiaca on clinically important antibiotic resistant bacteria isolates
Study Design: Phytochemicals and in vitro assay of antibacterial
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Science Technology, Federal
Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, between April, 2013 and January, 2014
Methodology: Collection of bacterial isolates; antibiogram of the bacterial isolates;
preparation of plant extracts; phytochemical analyses of the plant parts on aqueous
extracts; In vitro susceptibility test (agar well diffusion assay)
Results: The antibiogram showed that all the isolates used in this study are multidrug
resistant. The results of the phytochemical analyses on aqueous extracts showed that the
leaves of B. aegyptiaca possessed all the phytochemical components tested except
anthroquinones and alkaloids, while root bark lack anthroquinones, cardiac glycosides
and phlobatannins and stem bark possessed only flavonoids and polyphenols. The
presence of phytochemical components in the stem bark is significantly less than those in the leaf and root bark (p<0.05). The presence of these phytochemicals has provided
some biochemical basis for ethno pharmacological uses of this plant parts in the
treatment and prevention of various diseases and disorders. Using agar well diffusion
method, the B. aegyptiaca parts were screened for antibacterial activities against
antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.
and Citrobacter sp. at 100mg/ml concentration. The results of the antibacterial activity
showed that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of all the parts of B. aegyptiaca has
varying antibacterial activity against the tested isolates. The hot aqueous and cold
aqueous extracts of leaves of B. aegyptiaca have no activity against Citrobacter spp. and
Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The hot aqueous extract of stem bark has significant
antibacterial activity against all the tested isolates except Salmonella spp, while the cold
water extract of the same part has no activity against Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and
Citrobacter spp. The ethanolic, hot and cold aqueous extracts of root bark of B.
aegyptiaca have no activity against Salmonella spp. Although the presence of
phytochemical components in the stem bark is significantly less than those in the leaf and
root bark (p<0.05), their antibacterial activities however, showed no significant difference
(P=0.10) to all the isolates. The results further showed that the antibacterial activity of
cold aqueous extracts of Balanite aegyptiaca parts is significantly lower than those of
ethanolic extracts and hot aqueous extracts (p<0.05). However, there is no significant
difference between the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract and hot aqueous extract
of all the parts on the isolates (P=0.06).
Conclusion: This study investigates and reports the phytochemicals antibacterial
potentials of Balanites aegyptiaca on resistant bacteria isolates. This therefore justify the
use of this plant in traditional medicine practices for the diseases caused by the
microorganisms.
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Keywords
Phytochemicals, antibacterial potentials, antibiotic, resistant bacteria, Balanite aegyptiaca
Citation
Tula M Y, Danchal T B, Iruolaje F O, Onyeje G A. Studies on Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Potentials of Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (Del.) Parts on Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Isolates. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2014 Jul; 4(7): 854-864.