International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/163904

Editor-in-Chief: Roan Mukherjee
ISSN: 2348-0343

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijims.com/index.php

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 308

India Diverges in Gender Proportion in COVID-19: A Health Management Study
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Reddy, L. Sudershan; Kannamani, Ramasamy; kumar, S.Jaya
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the male and female proportion for variouscountries and India. The secondary aim of the study was to identify the multiple influencing factorsthat are playing a role in the male to female ratio and how India differs from other countries. For thisstudy, we have used the available data and reports from various countries, health organisations andWHO from Dec 2019 to May 2020 for comparison and interpretation. There are multiple influencersfor women getting less infected by COVID-19. There are biological reasons such as chromosomesand oestrogen; lifestyle reasons such as smoking and drinking habits, and controlled food habits;social causes such as working hard in rural areas, less exposure to the crowd and minimalinternational travelling opportunities; cultural reasons such as less social gathering, default socialdistancing system and also there is an assumption that Indian women are culturally more disciplined.It is vital to understand gender-based differences in the human immune systems and how it affects thespread of the virus. Knowing the steps and precautionary measures can help us to prevent the spreadof coronavirus. Prevention is always better than cure. By following the advisories from WHO andother nation’s health organisation, making a collaborative effort, we all should be able to managebetter.
Understanding Spaces of City by Morphological Studies
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Kaushik, Ar. Ajay
City building is not a one-time effort it is rather a process using which the planners, designers create the habitat for humans. The habitatalong with its constituents parts namely buildings, streets, gardens, squares etc. constitute an urban form. Urban morphology is an importantfield of study along with urban typology. Urbanists, planners and geographers have been practicing them in Europe and America. Theseexplain the process of city building, help in preserving the historic urban form for change and continuity, and quantify the qualitative aspectsof urban form. There exist two widely accepted and discussed streams of city form analysis these are typology and morphology.Authors have during their research have identified three basic schools practicing different thoughts that give shape to city urban form fromdifferent perspectives. The German-British school pioneered by geographer and planner M R G Conzen is the oldest of all. Conzen migratedto England after the World War II. It is stated that study and analysis of urban landscape is the basis of study of city building processexplaining the historicity. The tradition is carried forward by the scholars like Whitehand, Larkham, and Slater under the flagship of UrbanMorphology research group, at University of Birmingham. The Italian school led by architect Muratori founded in early 50s. The Italianarchitects got associated with the thought of city form study on the basis of architectural design theory. This branch of city form study iscalled as typological study of city form. The works of Cannigia, Maffei, Maretto, etc. have established and carried forward the typologicalstudy of cities. The third school known as French school and was founded by architect Philippe Panerai, Jean Castex and sociologist CharlesDePaule in late 60s. The theory of design amalgamated with the social theory of human interaction with the built environment. This paperbrings out the in-depth method of understanding cities by use of three kinds of methods used in morphological studies. This will help us toknow about them in integrated manner and create better understating of city fabric.
Comparative Evaluation of Quality of Life in Patients of Head and Neck Carcinoma withRadiation Induced Skin-injury in Oncology Department at Tertiary Care Hospital
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Sharma, Shalini; Sharma, Vivek; Gupta, MC; Verma, Yashpal
Radiation mitigators are the compounds which can minimize post irradiation-toxicity provided theyare administered before the onset of toxic symptoms. In present study we compared pre and posttreatment quality of life in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.Sixty patients ofHead and neck carcinoma more than 18 years of age of either sex and willing to give informedconsent were included in the study. In Group-1, 30 patients received the Beclomethasone cream thatwas topically applied from the day-1 of radiotherapy till 4-weeks after completion of radiotherapy,whereas In Group-2, 30 patients received the local application of the herbal paste from the day-1 ofradiotherapy till 4-weeks after completion of radiotherapy. These 60 patients were evaluated at 6month post-therapy using the European organisation for research and treatment of cancer quality oflife questionnaire C30 .For measuring radiation-induced reactions, chi-square test was applied andnumber of patients in different grades was calculated as per Radiotherapy oncology group criteria.Similarly for measuring radiation-induced mucosal reactions, non-parametric test i.e chi-square testwas applied and number of patients in different grades was calculated as per radiotherapy oncologygroup criteria. As per quality of life questionnaire, evaluation on symptom scale revealed that fatigue,pain, dyspnoea, appetite loss and insomnia got worsened in Gp-1 patients, except for diarrhoea,constipation and nausea or vomiting while in Gp-2 patients, all symptoms showed improvement after6 month of completion of treatment. Comparing pre and post-treatment , the global health statusshowed statistically significant improvement in group-2 patients receiving polyherbal paste .The International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 2019, Vol 6, No.1,65-79. 66present study revealed a beneficial effects of polyherbal paste containing Azadirachta indica, aloevera, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa on radiation induced skin injury in patients with Head andneck carcinoma as compared to topical Beclomethasone cream. Also there was improvement inquality of life in cancer patients receiving herbal paste measured at 6 month post-treatment.
The Pastoral Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir State (India)
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Muzamil, Ahmad Dar
Nowhere else in the world has Creator been so sympathetic in showering the charm, loveliness, allure and favors as in the Stateof Jammu and Kashmir. As said by the 11th Century Kashmir Historian Kalhana; the things that even in heaven are difficult tofind, are common here. The divine beauty of mountain peaks, meadows, lyrical streams and gardens of the State has not onlyattracted the invaders, kings, and saints but has attracted people from all walks of life.These lush green meadows and prairiesforced various settled and nomadic pastoral communities to make this place their final destination. In the latter category themost noticeable are pastoral Gujjars.These Gujjars are a distinct people and stand apart from the rest.These Gujjars in this Statehave become identified separately as a sub-group on the basis of their occupation and settlements. A good population of theseGujjars from past few centuries have given up nomadic life and settled on land taking partly to cultivation.Keywords: Pastoralism, Gujjar, Bakarwal, Antiquity, Sedentary etc.
Studies on The Interaction of Predatory Insect and Transgenic Raised Prey
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Sheribha, P. Beautlin
The objective of this study was to find out the impact of transgenic plant on predators, which forms one of the links in the tritrophic system. The lifestages of D. cingulatus were raised on non- Bt and Bt cotton, and they were fed to the predator R. fuscipes and to find on different key biologicalfactors like stadial periodicity, adult male and female longevity, fecundity, hatching percentage, chronological events of predation, mating and sexratio. Based on the results of the present study the life history of the predator R. fuscipes was unaffected by prey that fed on, or by prey acquiring thetoxin.
A Critical Survey of Work Songs in the Aurangabad Locality of Murshidabad District
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Ansari, Sahabuddin
Since time immemorial, folklore has been prevalent and popular throughout the whole world. For manydecades, folklore has been discussed and anatomized from different perspectives in the area of literary aswell as non-literary criticism. Through folklores, we become aware about societies, religions and culturesof different corners of the world. Folklore has become a collective name that has been used to identifydifferent sayings, verbal compositions, social rituals; and one of the most prevailing forms of folklore isfolk songs. Folksongs include work songs, marriage songs, Christmas songs, love songs etc. Aurangabadof Murshidabad District in West Bengal is predominantly Beedi-centred locality in which ninety-fivepercent of people depend on the Beedi profession for their livelihood. In order to soothe their minds andto refresh their body, they used to be engaged in singing songs on their own. The present paper aims toexplore work songs of people of this locality with the help of some popular work songs of this area.
Land, Nation and Post-Independent Hindi Cinema: A Case Study of Mother India and Do Bigha Zameen
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Das, Soumya Suvra
The idea of nation has been constructed, debated and reconstructed in socio-cultural representations throughout the world. In case of India, theidea of nation is deeply connected with the idea of land relations as a cultural policy. Hindi popular cinema after the Indian independenceembraced the subject of land as its narrative trope and tried to disseminate the idea of a self-sufficient independent nation. Mehboob's MotherIndia (1957) became an instrumental cinematic venture not only for the Bombay film industry, but for constructing an idea of an 'Indianness'based on the metaphor of land as the mother. If the role of the Indian state was shown triumphantly way in Mother India in dealing with theproblem of land in the post-independent nation, Do Bigha Zameen (1953) questioned the very validity of such statist interventions, especially atthe wake of Jawaharlal Nehru's Five Year Plans for industrial development. Mother India and Do Bigha Zameen became two most important filmtexts of national film culture when it comes to the question of land and peasant lives. Ironically, these two films can be considered as twodistorted mirror images of each other in their gaze on questions of land in early post-independence era.
Loksampriktir Prekhonbindute: Jaya Gowalar “ Tobu Madol Baje” Uponyash
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Chanda, Binapani
This paper discusses about Kothasahitya of Tripura and then moves to present various aspects of the Novel
Importance of Contextualized Communication for Better Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Case Study from Bihar
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Mawdkhap, Livadora Lyngdoh; Kumari, Rimjhim; Kumar, Munna; Sinha, Sweta; Singh, Smriti; Singhal, Vaibhav
India, the disaster preparedness has primarily been restricted to being response oriented that is mainlyconcentrated on the rescue operations. Insufficient community preparedness and lack of propercommunication leads to large scale causalities. The lack of proper communication is due to the fact thatthe relevant information among the community participants is not spread properly. One of the majorreasons for this is: the difference in the language of communication among the people and the language inwhich the information is officially shared. Due to this language gap it becomes very difficult for thenative people to understand the guidelines related to the disaster risks and disaster preparedness, therebymaking them more vulnerable to disaster risks. Five districts from Bihar have been identified for datacollection. The districts feature prominently from North to South on the map showing Multi HazardZones in Bihar issued by Bihar State Disaster Management Authority. Quantitative data analysis clearlyreflects that firstly, the official languages (English and Hindi) used by the government agencies forknowledge transfer are totally inadequate and secondly, translating the information in regional languageslike Magahi, Bhojpuri and Maithili considerably enhance the quality and the quantity of responses thatare generated during data collection. Community involvement can be promoted and made efficient onlywhen the regional languages are used as the desired media of communication.
Analysis of Temporal parameters in the Speech of the Children with Hearing Loss
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Narasimhan, SV; Nataraja, Nuggehalli P
The surge of literature indicates that the to develop more effective speech training procedures for the subjects with hearingloss, it is necessary to study the deviation in their speech from that of the normal-hearing subjects and hence, the analysis ofspeech of the subjects with hearing loss becomes essential. The current investigation aimed at studying the temporalparameters of vowel and consonants in the speech in children with hearing loss. Sixteen bisyllabic words with stopconsonants and vowels, uttered by participants with severe sensorineural hearing loss and age and gender-matched normalhearing participants in the age range of eight to ten years were recorded and the temporal parameters namely vowel duration,closure duration, consonant duration, voice onset time, burst duration, and word duration were analysed acoustically. Resultsof statistical analyses revealed that there were significant differences in vowel duration, voice onset time, closure durationand consonant duration between the participants of two groups. No differences in burst duration were observed between theparticipants of both groups.
In-silico analysis of Porcine and recombinant Insulin activity on Glycogen
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Ezra, Leander Santhosh; Irudhayaraj, Navinraj Theneri; Elango, Kishor; Irudhayaraj, Julie Selvi
The study focuses on the anti-diabetic activity by molecular simulation of Recombinant Insulin, PorcineInsulin, and Glycogen. The sequence of these three molecules was retrieved, and 3D structures weremodeled. A total of two different molecular simulations were carried out. The simulations were done usingAutodock software. Initially, the downloaded PDB structures were docked with glycogen and the secondbetween the active site peptide models of both insulin molecules based on castP prediction with glycogenmolecule. The results were analyzed by Ramachandran plot for model prediction, and the binding energywas set as criteria to determine the best-docked model. The binding energy of recombinant insulin, porcineinsulin with glycogen was 0.32 and -1.09 respectively. Similarly, the binding energy for peptide modelswith glycogen molecule was found to be +1.09 and +6.76 respectively. Based on the results, it wasconcluded that the recombinant insulin has higher affinity than the porcine insulin.
An Overview of Recent Trend of Crime in the Nature of ‘Cruelty by Husband or his Relatives’ in our Country
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Das, Mithun
Crime against women is a gross violence of their human rights and hampers their overall welfare, but unfortunately crime iscommitted against women throughout the centuries without any social, cultural and national barrier. Women of our countryare also not free from this tradition. They are also the poor victims of several form of crimes throughout the centuries. It is ashameful fact that women are victimised not only outside their home but also in their own home and by their near and dearones. Physical, sexual and psychological violence strikes women in every part of our country. It has crossed the boundary ofevery society, economy, religion, race and culture. The statistics published by ‘National Crime Records Bureau’, an IndianGovernment agency and part of the Ministry of Home Affairs, indicates the share of crime against women under the head‘Cruelty by Husband or his relatives’ u/s 498A IPC is the maximum among all crimes against women in recent past in ourcountry. An attempt has been made through this paper to view the recent trend of this crime in different States and UnionTerritories and actions taken by police administration and judicial system to give justice to the victims of this crime.
Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G antibodies to SARS-COV-2 in asymptomatic healthcare workers in a South Indian Tertiary care NephroUrology Center
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) N S, Madhura; R, Kowsalya; K M, Mythri; N. Shashikala; S, Mythri
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) Seroprevalence studies are being conducted all over theworld to identify the level of exposure to the virus, in different groups of population. These include laboratory basedserological tests to detect the presence of antibodies in response to an exposure/infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The aimof the study was to know the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Health Care Workers (HCWs) of our hospital. Across-sectional serological study was conducted in a tertiary care center for Nephrourology in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. TheHCWs of the hospital, of age group 20 to 60 were included in the study and were tested for the presence ofSARS-CoV-2–specific IgG antibodies by Luminescence Immuo Assay method (CLIA). Prevalence was calculated,significance among the subgroups was analyzed using chi-square test and p value. 95 HCWs underwent testing, 6 werepositive for IgG antibodies, with a Sero-prevalence rate of 6.3%. There was no significant difference in prevalence ratebetween male and female, and also between different age groups. It was concluded that serological studies to detectSARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies in HCWs might be helpful to detect the immune status of HCWs. Routine application ofthese tests in HCWs would aid in work stratification of HCWs in managing the covid 19 pandemic.
Traditional Study of Some Medicinal Plants of Leguminaceae Family In Adilabad District, Telangana State, India
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) krishna, N. Rama; K.M., Ranjalkar
Tribal medicinal practices of plant crude drugs for various ailments recorded from AdilabadDistrict, Telangana State are presented. The particulars of plant parts used, mode of preparationand administration are given. The crude drugs, either single, bi- or as multi-componentpreparations are used for various ailments. This information provides immense potential forstudy of relationship of the active principles of the drugs with the ailments concerned. Theplants of Adilabad District in Telangana region are well known for their medicinal properties.Several of the 31 Leguminous plants species presented in this paper need special attention onaccount of their restricted availability, threatened status and Ethnobotanical significance. This isof crucial importance in planning any meaningful conservation strategy. The medicinal plants inAdilabad District are distributed in a wide range of habitats including, forests, grassy localities,field margins, way side / roadside etc.
Review Article: From War to Peace: Fateful Decisions in International Politics
(Medical Council of India, 2019-01) Thomas, Ameyaw-Brobbey
Charles W. Kegley Jr. and Gregory A. Raymond co-authored the book “From War to Peace: Fateful Decisions in International Politics”. Thisedition reviewed was jointly published by Peking University Press and Thomson Learning in 2003. The original edition was published in2002 by Bedford/St. Martin’s division of Thomson Learning. Kegley is a co-founder of Kegley International, Inc. and Distinguished PearceProfessor of International Relations at the University of South Carolina, USA. He served as chairman of the Department of Government andInternational, co-director of the Byrnes International Center as well as the president of the International Studies Association. He also heldvarious faculty appointments at Georgetown University, the University of Texas, the People's University of China, Rutgers University, theInstitut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva, and was a Pew Faculty Fellow at Harvard University. Some award winningpublications are in his name. Greg Raymond is Distinguished Professor at Boise State University, USA where he taught courses in the fieldof International Relations. He also served as director of the Survey Research Center, chairman of the Political Science Department as well asdirector of the University Honors College and has presented on many international conferences. He is also credited with other excellentpublications.
Effect of yoga on heart rate variability in shift worker
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Bhati, Bhupender; Archana; Singh, Kiran
Night shift work causing circadian disruption of sleep has been suggested to be an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Heart ratevariability (HRV) provides a tool to assess stress related short and long term effects on autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system. Yoga isfrequently used as a lifestyle intervention to reduce stress & restore autonomic nervous system balance. The aim of study was to evaluate theeffect of yoga on HRV and Blood pressure in shift workers. For this cross sectional study, a total of 70 apparently healthy shift workers weredivided into two groups. 1) Study group (n=35) Night shift workers, 2) Control groups (n=35) Day shift workers. Anthropometric, Blood pressureand HRV were measured in both groups. Study group underwent yogic exercise for 8 weeks. The same parameter measured again after yogicexercise. Study group showed decrease in BMI, Waist/Hip ratio, Heart rate, SBP and DBP. HRV showed a significant parasympatheticdominance.
Bengalis - ‘Do Business’: A Descriptive Study on Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy’s Entrepreneurship Development
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Nandy, Anindita Maiti
The main objective of this original research work is to explore the various entrepreneurship activitiesexecuted by Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy (APC), the father of Indian Chemistry. The study period hasbeen taken from 1950 to 2020 i.e. 7 decades to analyze the sustainable impact of entrepreneurial activitiesof APC. The most relevant and appropriate information has been used in the study by accessing publishedbooks, reports, articles, news papers, video tapes, audio tapes of different reputed private and governmentagencies and institutions. For visual representation, some relevant images have been incorporated in thestudy. The study finally reveals that APC tried to create an immense impact on the lives of Indiansspecially Bengalis to take the route of entrepreneurship as a career option to create jobs and not for takingjobs. To the best of his capabilities and high degree enthusiasm even at the age of 80 he tried to addressIndian youngsters for travelling to the route of innovation & entrepreneurship, setting up factories,building entrepreneurship eco system and taking India forward. In the study it has also been found that,APC was in favour of qualitative education and not at all quantitative education by rote and made asignificant and serious attempt to criticize higher education in the universities. The study also reveals thatwith the help of research and development (R&D), creativity and innovation; APC had established BengalChemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited (BPCL), having registered office in Kolkata (previously knownas Calcutta) and with that India’s first pharmaceutical company concept originated. With BPCL, APCtried to deliver world class health and hygiene product portfolio as well as innovative drug and health caresolution with most affordable fees across India and made a significant and sustainable impact on Indianconsumers. Finally in the study it has been found that the country’s oldest pharmaceuticals company,Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (BCPL), set up by APC is abruptly in the spotlight due to thesudden demand for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the most sought-after drug in the treatment of Covid-19.
How Religion Shape and Define Role For Gender
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Varsha
The religious structure and the gender structure work together to form and define a culture,creating the defining structures of equality and uniformity. Furthermore, the religion of aculture usually directly corresponds or is influenced by the culture's gender structure, like thefamily structures and/or the state. Present laws regarding Gender must not formulate as perReligion and customs .laws related to gender‘s day to day life must formulate on theenlightenment and righteousness. Laws related to Marriage, property’s right, education mustbe same for all kind of religion. Laws institution should not considered religion into makinglaws regarding education, Marriage’ age and right of property.
India China in Post liberalization
(Medical Council of India, 2020-05) Sahoo, Amaresh Chandra
The bilateral relationship between India and China is often marked as rivalry and hostility in therecent past, had been warm and cordial for centuries. India was among a few non communist toaccord recognition to the new regime of China at its very inception in the year 1949. Even aftersigning of Panch Sheel, Chinese forces when continued disturbances on the Indian boarder thatreached at climax in the month of October, 1962, and it mounted a full-fledged armed attack onthe India-China border. In 1963 a treaty was signed between Pakistan and China by whichPakistan handed a large part of the Indian Territory in Kashmir illegally. China also supportedfully Pakistan during India – Pakistan conflict in 1965 and also in 1971. This makes therelationship between countries very toughed. This is the bone of contention for which IndoChina relation is deteriorated. The Chinese perspective towards India underwent a sea changein the later part of the post cold war period. India attempts to open its economy through itsambitious economic liberalization programme. Hence the Indo-China relation is explained in thecontext of Chinese perspective towards India, India China relation in post cold war era,strengthening of Indo-US relation, G-7 matter, economic liberalization, demolition of SovietRussia, South East Asia and their relationship in the context of WTO.
Visual Culture, and Feminism, and Critical Race Theory
(Medical Council of India, 2020-01) Sharma, S.
Visual culture attempts to expose that other facet of the world which almost hitherto remainsconcealed from the majority of the populace. This is because the people across the globe werefed with the visual images that largely went on a par with the interests of the white Europeans. Inother words, Visual culture views the world from a “subaltern” perspective and challenges thenorms set by “a white European Christian male” centric outlook. To put it simply, visual culturestudies and interprets the world, which is made up of visual images, from the point of view ofmarginalized, the suppressed or the disadvantaged. In this connection, the study of visual cultureenjoys a close affiliation with feminism and critical race theory.

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