Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV Suspected Patients Attending State Hospital Ijebu-Ode Ogun State Nigeria.
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Date
2014-12
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Abstract
Aims: To determine the effect of CD4 count (a glycoprotein found on the surface of
immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) on the
Candida species associated with Oropharyngeal candidiasis among HIV suspected
patients.
Place and Duration of the Study: State Hospital Ijebu Ode Ogun State Nigeria between
February 2010 to August 2011.
Methodology: Outpatients attending State Hospital Ijebu Ode were screened for HIV
infection using Determine kits, Stat-pak kits and Unigold test kits. Western blot was used to
confirm HIV infection and to determine the predominance of HIV specific glycoproteins in
HIV seropositive patients. A total of 350 samples of sputum and blood from the HIV
seropositive individuals while 300 samples from the HIV seronegative individuals. Sputum
samples were cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar, and the isolates were Gram stained while the yeast-like fungi were subjected to germ tube test. CD4 count in blood samples
was determined using flow cytometry.
Results: HIV prevalence in females was 70.6% and in males was 29.4%. From three
hundred and fifty patients suspected as HIV positive, seventy three had oral candidiasis
(20.9%) while 277 (79.1%) were candidiasis negative. Higher oral candidiasis occurred in
females (22.7%) than in males (16.5%). Candida alblicans was found to have higher
occurrence of 86% among other Candida species. There is no significant association
between the occurrence of oral candidiasis and the age of HIV subjects. There was higher
occurrence of cases of immune depression (<350 CD4 count) in HIV seropositive (56.3%)
than in HIV seronegative (0%) subjects. Candida infections occur when CD4 count was
200-500 cell/μl and usually represent the first indication of immune suppression. Decrease
in CD4 count led to increase in occurrence of Candida species. The lowest number of
Candida species was recorded when CD4 count was above 300 and Candida alblicans is
the most predominant species isolated in this study.
Conclusion: The result of this study shows that HIV infection led to decrease in CD4 count
which in turn promotes candidiasis.
Description
Keywords
HIV-Subjects, oropharyngeal, candidiasis, Diagnostic kit
Citation
Lakunle O M, Oluwadun A, Adegoke C O, Ogunbanwo S T, Effedua H I. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in HIV Suspected Patients Attending State Hospital Ijebu-Ode Ogun State Nigeria. British Microbiology Research Journal. 2014 Dec; 4(12): 1451-1462.