The Efficacy of Tramadol Combined with A Donor of NO, Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) Mixture on Cytokines, NF-KB Expression and Oxıdative Stress Marker in the Rat Model of Formalin-Induced Inflammation.
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Date
2013-10
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Abstract
In addition to well-known analgesic action of tramadol, its potential antinflammatory
effects have not been thoroughly evaluated. On the other hand, effectiveness of
antioxidants is also reported against inflammation. It is known that glyceryl trinitrate, as a nitric oxide donor, enhance the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present
study, the efficacy of the tramadol mixtue with glyceryl trinitrate on cytokines, NF-kappa
B expression and oxidative stress marker was examined on the formalin-induced
inflammation in rats (Tramadol 5, 10 and 30 mg/kg + nitroglycerine 1 mg/kg). Cytokines
(TNF-, IL-6 and IL-10) and oxidative/anti-oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH) were
measured in blood samples. NF-kappa B expression was assessed
immunohistochemically in spleen and thymus.
The results show that tramadol 30 mg/kg has both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative
effects. Additionally, it was evidenced that glyceryl trinitrate improves the antiinflammatory
and anti-oxidative effects of Tramadol (30 mg/kg) on the formalin-induced
inflammation in rats. In this framework, the present study provides a unique approach for
the analysis of the efficacy of tramadol and additive effects of glyceryl trinitrate on the
acute inflammations in rats.
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Keywords
Tramadol, nitroglycerin, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-oxidative effect, NF-kappa B
Citation
Sen Selda, Doger Firuzan Kacar, Ogurlu Mustafa, Aydın Osman N, Akcal Zerrin, Sen Serdar, Karul Aslıhan. The Efficacy of Tramadol Combined with A Donor of NO, Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) Mixture on Cytokines, NF-KB Expression and Oxıdative Stress Marker in the Rat Model of Formalin-Induced Inflammation. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2013 Oct-Dec; 3(4): 1988-1998.