Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Species Associated with Childhood Acute Gastroenteritis in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria.
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Date
2013-07
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Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Salmonella strains associated
with childhood acute gastroenteritis in Nigeria; as well as to evaluate the resistant patterns
of the strains to the commonly used antimicrobials agents.
Study Design: Children ≤ 5years having diarrhoea characterized by the occurrence of
three or more loose or watery stool or at least one bloody loose stool in a 24-hour period
were enrolled in the study. Methods: The study was conducted between July and December 2008. Samples were preenriched
in buffered peptone water followed by selective enrichment using selenite cysteine
and Rapaport-Vassilidis broths. Isolation and identification was made by inoculating the
selectively enriched sample on to Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar followed by
confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests. The CLSI, 2006
method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Results: In all the 400 tested samples, 9 (2.3%) were positive for Salmonella isolates.
Results showed that the children aged 0-5 months had the highest Salmonella infection
rate of 5 (4.1%), followed by 13-24 months 4 (3.5%), while Salmonella infection was not
present in the age groups of 25-36 months, 37-48 months, and 49-60 months.
The highest (3.2%) Salmonella infection rate was seen among children on solid food
followed by those on breast milk (2.5%), while those on a combination of breast milk and
formula had no detectable level of Salmonella infection.
The study recorded various degrees of resistance to four antimicrobials as observed in
amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefuroxime (55.6%) each, while resistance was observed in
77.8% of the isolates against amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. All isolates were susceptible to
ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and Ceftriaxone.
Conclusion: The study reports Salmonella species as a potential pathogen isolated from
stool samples of children with acute gastroenteritis. The overall resistance level of the
isolates to amoxycillin-clavulanic was highest followed by resistance to amoxicillin,
cephalexin, cefuroxime giving a cause for concern.
Description
Keywords
Prevalence, gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, antimicrobial agents
Citation
Cajetan Ifeanyi Casmir Ifeanyichukwu, Bassey Bassey Enya, Florence Ikeneche Nkiruka, Nnennaya Isu Rosemary, Casmir Akpa Alexander. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Species Associated with Childhood Acute Gastroenteritis in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria. British Microbiology Research Journal. 2013 July; 3(3): 431-439.