Risk Factors of Urinary Bladder Cancer in Islamabad, Federal Area of Pakistan.
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Date
2011-07
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Abstract
It is retrospective and hospital based case control study which was conducted in the
federal city of Islamabad in Pakistan in order to assess the risk factors of the urinary
bladder cancer. This study was based on the 100 controls and 50 cases comprising 150
subjects which were selected for interview from the two hospitals and required
information like gender, age, smoking habits, family history of cancer, etc., was
achieved. Both the descriptive and analytical approaches were used to find out the
dominating risk factors of the disease. Odds ratios and 95 % Confidence Intervals were
obtained for analytical purpose by using the binary logistic regression model. Three
factors including cigarette smoking, source of drinking water and fried items were found
to be significant having odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of (17.158, 6.244-
47.147), (0.192, 0.061- 0.603) and (12.206, 3.291- 45.275), respectively. The study
revealed that cigarette smoking, consumption of tap water and high use of fried items
increases the risk of developing bladder cancer. On the other hand, the use of
government provided for drinking purpose is a protection against the urinary bladder
cancer as compared to tap water.
Description
Keywords
Case study, Urinary Bladder cancer, Controls, Odds ratio, Risk factors
Citation
Ahmad Muhammad Riaz, Pervaiz Muhammad Khalid. Risk Factors of Urinary Bladder Cancer in Islamabad, Federal Area of Pakistan. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research. 2011 July; 1(3): 96-104.