Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate: Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility in Essential Hypertension.
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Date
2012-03
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Abstract
Context : To evaluate the usefulness of urinary albumin
excretion rate (UAER) i.e. Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR)
in diagnosis and prognosis of essential hypertension
(EHT). Objectives : To find out the association of urinary
albumin excretion rate with the pathophysiology of
essential hypertension. Study Design : A cross-sectional
analytical study. Materials & Methods : Urinary albumin
excretion (UAE), urinary creatinine (UC) and UAER were
analyzed and compared between hypertensive cases and
age & sex matched normotensive controls of age group
30-65 years using unpaired two-tailed Student ‘t’ test. All
statistical analyses were done with PASW (SPSS) v.18.0.
Results : Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of
cases were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001)
than controls. Urine MAlb level (p < 0.001) and ACR (p <
0.001) in cases were significantly higher compared to
controls. Correlation studies showed that SBP and DBP
was significantly positively correlated with urine MAlb
(SBP: r = 0.859, DBP: r = 0.733; p < 0.001) and ACR
(SBP: r = 0.830, DBP: r = 0.739; p < 0.001). Sex-wise
comparison in cases revealed that males had statistically
non-significant (p > 0.05) lower levels of urine MAlb as
compared to females but had significantly higher (p <
0.001) levels of urine creatinine and lower (p < 0.001)
ACR compared to females. Conclusion: Urinary MAlb
levels and ACR are seen to be increased in hypertensive
subjects compared to normotensive subjects. ACR was
significantly higher in female hypertensives than males
which can be credited to the physiologically observed
lower urine creatinine levels compared to males. Both
Microalbuminuria and ACR can serve as specific and
well-established marker of cardiovascular and renal
damage in EHT.
Description
Keywords
urine albumin excretion, urine albumin excretion rate, urine albumin/ creatinine ratio, essential hypertension, diagnostic marker, prognostic marker
Citation
Pawade Yogesh R, Apte Indrayani C, Ghangale Suresh S, Warade Jayesh P, Nagdeote Abhay N. Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate: Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility in Essential Hypertension. Indian Medical Gazette. 2012 Mar ; 145 (3): 96-106.