An appraisal of clinicopathological parameters in Japanese encephalitis and changing epidemiological trends in upper Assam, India.
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Date
2014-07
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Abstract
Context: Japanese encephalitis (JE), an acute mosquito-borne viral disease, is
one of the leading causes of viral encephalitis in the South-East Asian region.
JE is endemic in Assam. The morbidity and mortality due to JE is significant
with outbreaks every year during the monsoons. Aims: The aim was to study
the clinicopathological profile of JE; to examine their role in predicting disease
outcome; and to document the increase in the incidence of JE among the adult
population in this region. Materials and Methods: Clinically suspected acute
encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases admitted in Assam Medical College and
Hospital during the period of May 2011 to April 2012 were tested by JE virus specific
Immunoglobulin M capture ELISA. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was
performed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Out of 424 AES cases, 194 were JE
positive. The occurrence of JE in adults was higher (P < 0.001) than the pediatric
age group. The study recorded a high rate of renal dysfunction in JE cases. A
single case of JE induced abortion and two cases of JE-neurocysticercosis coinfections
were documented. Regression analysis revealed that adult population,
unconsciousness, paresis and elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level were
associated with a worse prognosis in JE cases. Mortality in JE positive cases was
higher than the JE negative cases (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The study attempts
to highlight the role played by a combination of clinical and laboratory parameters
in assessing the severity and outcome in JE and may help in directing the limited
medical resources toward those that need it the most.
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Keywords
Acute encephalitis syndrome, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Glasgow coma scale, Immunoglobulin M, Japanese encephalitis
Citation
Patgiri Saurav Jyoti, Borthakur Achinta K, Borkakoty Biswajyoti, Saikia Lahari, Dutta Ridip, Phukan Sanjib K. An appraisal of clinicopathological parameters in Japanese encephalitis and changing epidemiological trends in upper Assam, India. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology. 2014 Jul-sept 57 (3): 400-406.