Spectrum of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients.
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Date
2014-05
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Abstract
Background & Objectives: Opportunistic infections are common complication seen in HIV infected patients. The type of pathogens responsible for OIs varies from country to country and even from region to region within the same country. Therefore it is important to know the relative frequencies of specific OIs in different parts of the country for appropriate management strategies. This study was designed with an aim to document the pattern of opportunistic infections in HIV infected patients. Methods: The study included 152 HIV positive patients. Depending on the patient’s clinical features, specimens were collected and processed as per standard microbiological protocol for demonstration or isolation of pathogens. Results: In the present study, out of 152 HIV infected patients, 92(60.5%) were males and 60(39.5%) were females. Opportunistic infections were noted in 106 (69.7%) patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common bacterial pathogen. Cryptosporidium parvum followed by Isospora belli and Entamoeba histolytica were the major parasites demonstrated in stool of HIV infected patients. Candida spp. was the predominant mycotic pathogen. Conclusion: In HIV infection opportunistic infections account for a considerable proportion of mortality and morbidity. It also necessitates toxic and expensive therapies. The early diagnosis and adequate management of opportunistic infections can slow down the progression to AIDS and need for antiretroviral therapy.
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Coccidian parasites HIV infection, opportunistic infections, oropharyngeal candidiasis
Citation
Aher Changdeo S. Spectrum of opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine. 2014 May-June; 5(3): 22-26.