Inhibitory Effect of Ulva fasciata and Desmarestia viridis on the Production of Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandin E2, and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in RAW 264.7 Cells.
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Date
2013-09
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2, known inflammatory mediators, are critically involved in the
pathogenesis of a large number of human inflammatory diseases. Therefore, a search of inducible nitric oxide
synthases (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors is a useful strategy to find functional
substances to alleviate inflammatory disease. In our search for anti-inflammatory ingredients, we found that
extracts of Ulva fasciata (UFE) and Desmarestia viridis (DVE) inhibit the generation of NO and PGE2 in
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. U. fasciata and D. viridis were extracted
with 80% ethanol and then partitioned successively with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fractions are effective
dose-dependent inhibitors of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells. To test the inhibitory
effects of UFE and DVE on pro-inflammatory cytokines, we performed ELISA assays for tumor necrosis factor
(TNF)-α, IL (interleukin)-1β, and IL(interleukin)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In these
assays, the UFE and DVE showed a dose-dependent decrease in the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. As a
preliminary study of the anti-inflammatory mechanism, we determined, using the Western blot analysis, whether
or not UFE and DVE inhibit the degradation of I-kappa-B-alpha (IκB-α). Our results indicate that UFE and DVE
indeed prevent the degradation of IκB-α, in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, we suggest that
extracts of U. fasciata and D. viridis be considered candidates for anti-inflammatory agents for human use.
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Keywords
Cytokine, Desmarestia viridis, inflammation, nitric oxide, PGE2, Ulva fasciata
Citation
Kim Min-Jin, Yang Kyong-Wol, Lee Wook Jae, Kim Sang Suk, Lee Nam Ho, Hyun Chang-Gu. Inhibitory Effect of Ulva fasciata and Desmarestia viridis on the Production of Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandin E2, and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in RAW 264.7 Cells. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2013 Sept; 3(9): 1-7.