International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal


ISSN: 2321–7235

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.sciencedomain.org/journal-home.php?id=29

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 73
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    Mental Health Awareness Phone Polling Survey: Focus on Community Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, Saudi Arabia
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-12) Alhabeeb, Abdulhameed Abdullah; Saed, Salem Alasmari; Alduraihem, Rashid Abdullah; Qureshi, Naseem Akhtar
    Background: Mental health awareness surveys that assess the broad knowledge of various stakeholders including public nationwide help in the development of relevant strategies to enhance their poor mental health literacy. Objective:The aim of this telephone polling survey was to measure mental health awareness of general public in Saudi Arabia.Method:The participants (n=1068) randomly selected from 13 regions of Saudi Arabia were contacted by 15 trained Saudi girl interviewers for conducting 30-minutes individual interview in Arabic language using a self-designed 15-item questionnaire.Results:About one fourthof responders (23%) reported either personal or family member having mental disorder, and depression and anxiety disorders were the commonest problems. Stigmaagainst mental disorders and consulting health professionals, misperceptions towards psychotropics and social exclusion and shame were variably reported by the participants. Though the participants perceived barriers to have access to MH services, 55% ofresponders reported MH services were of good to excellent grade, and the two most common help-seeking modes were psychiatric and religious and spiritual service providers.Conclusion:Although this community participatory mental health polling survey is found to have encouraging mental health literacy of public participants, evidence based training programs and campaigns for further improving people mental health literacy are needed in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Arabian Gulf countries
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    Studies on Phytochemical, Nutraceutical Profiles and Potential Medicinal Values of Allium sativumLinn (Lilliaceae) on Bacterial Meningitis
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-10) Tijani, Kokori Bajeh; Alfa, Abdullahi Attah; Sezor, Abdullahi Aminu
    The studies on phytochemical, nutraceutical profiles and potential medicinal values of Allium sativumlinn (lilliaceae) on bacterial meningitis were evaluated against bacterial meningitis pathogens. The methods employed in this study were validation of phytochemical screening which was done according to standard methods, determination of nutritional composition was carried out using analytical automated instruments (Atomic Absorption Spectrometers) and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activities of the extracts against clinical isolates using agar-well diffusion and broth dilution methods. The clinical isolates of meningitis pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzaeand Escherichia coliwere obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Shika-Zaria. The collected bulbs of A. sativum(600g) were washed and air dried under shade for 2 hours and the dry scaly outer covering was peeled-off to obtain the fresh garlic cloves which were then divided into three parts of 200 g each. These three portions were crushed separately for cold extraction. The first portion was homogenized and poured into a muslin cloth to squeeze out the juice, while second and third portions were homogenized and submerged into 500 ml of 96% ethanol and 500 ml of distilled water respectively for 24 hours and both filteredafter thorough shaking. The first and second portions were freeze dried, while the third portion was evaporated over water bath at 50°C to obtain the powdered yield. The phytochemical screening of A. sativum extracts (JEAS, EEAS and AEAS) revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, fats & oils, flavonoids, saponins and steroidal terpenoids. The results obtained as nutritional profiles from analytical automated machines analysis showed that A. sativumcontained all classes of foodnutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, fat and oils, dietary fibres, and vitamins together with zeolite herbominerals (nanopharmacologic effects). JEAS and EEAS extracts were potent in (0.94 ± 0.01 minutes), (0.99±0.04) and antibacterial activities while and AEAS (1.20±0.04) showed low activity, inhibiting the clinical bacterial isolates Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzaeand Escherichia coliwith diameter of zone of inhibition ranging from 15-36 mm at concentrationsof 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/ml. It produced significant (p<0.05) antibacterial activity while EEAS and AEAS showed low activities, except Klebsiella pneumoniaewhich was resistant to the three extracts concentrations used. The extracts inhibited the growth ofthe bacterial isolates in a concentration dependent manner with MICs ranging between 0.04-1.56 mg/ml while MBCs was 0.10-2.50 mg/ml respectively the findings from this study could be of interest and suggest the need for further investigations with a view to use the plant in novel drug development for BM therapy. The outcome of this study could therefore justify the ethnomedical and folkloric usage of A. sativumto treat bacterial meningitis locally
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    Neurodynamic Influence of Hydrocortisone on Rhinencephalic and Telencephalic Brain Areas
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-12) Ogadinma, Ilochi; Onoja, Daniel Yaro; Nwafor, Chuemere Arthur
    The neurodynamic effect of graded hydrocortisone treatment on rhinencephalic and telencephalic brain regions was studied in an experimental animal design that sampled isolated hippocampal, basal nucleic and frontal cortical brain regions of male wistar rats. Four test groups, ii to vwere administered 2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg and 10 mg respectively. The study period lasted for 6 weeks. Results were statistically analyzed and considered significantly different at a confidence interval of 95%. There was a progressive decline in olfactory response as dose of hydrocortisone treatment was increased. There was a significant dose-dependent decrease in assayed frontal cortical acetylcholine and hippocampal glutamate in brain tissue homogenates. Similar change was observed in brain tissue calcium, magnesium and sodium. For the behavioral, histological and biochemical tests conducted in this study, 6 weeks hydrocortisone treatment showed adverse manifestations from 5mg, which was more obvious from 7.5mg. The outcome of this study revealed a possible dose-dependent adverse effect of hydrocortisone on specific brain regions responsible for learning, memory, olfaction and psychosocial behavior.
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    Effect of Donepezil and Vitamin B12Supplement on Serum Thyroid Profile in Alzheimer’s Disease
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-01) Yeram, Neelam; Dalvi, Shubhangi M.; Patil, Vinayak W.; Kale, Vinayak P.; Jagiasi, Kamlesh; Abichandani, Leela G.
    Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid status in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients and its response to donepezil and vitamin B12supplement therapy for 6 months.Design:Case-Control Observational study.Place and Duration:Department of Biochemistry, GGMC & Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India between March 2017 and July 2019.Methodology:Case-Control study comprised of 71 AD patients and 70 healthy controls above 60 years of age. Blood serum samples were analyzed forthyroid hormones levels by the chemiluminescence method. AD patients weretreated with donepezil (5mg/day) and vitamin B12supplement (1.5mg/day) and thyroid profile was observed at intervals of 3 and 6 months. Statistical evaluationwas done by using IMB SPSS statistics version 25.Results:Serum levels of thyroid hormones were low in euthyroidAD patients when compared with controls at the baseline level [T3 (120.64 ± 20.64 vs127.8 ± 17.29), T4 (7.71 ± 2.34 vs 7.54 ± 1.85), FT3 (1.2 ± 0.13 vs 2.26 ± 0.63) and FT4 (0.79 ± 0.08 vs 1.29 ± 0.27)]except TSH which was increased in AD [TSH (2.71 ± 1.19 vs 2.34 ± 0.65)]. During follow-ups at 3 and 6 months, there was a slight decrease in TSH levels in response to the therapy.Conclusion: The AD patients were euthyroid with low T3, FT3 and FT4 serum levels and high TSH serum levels. Thyroid hormones might play a role as markers for disease progression. Donepezil and vitamin B12therapy could not benefit restorethe normal thyroid functioning in a period of 6 months. Further longitudinal research with larger cohort might help in elucidating thyroid dysfunction in AD and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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    Triggering Factorsfor Breakthrough Seizures among Epileptic Patients. Cross Sectional Study in Epileptic Patients Attending Epilepsy Clinic Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-06) Ahmed, Esmael; Mohammed, Gomaa; Mohammed, Saad
    Background: The prevalence of breakthrough seizures in persons with epilepsyis very high in developing countries. Consequently, patients and physicians should be aware of the possible factors that may cause breakthrough seizures.Objective: The aim of our study is to determine the possible factors that may be a precipitating cause for breakthrough seizures in patients with epilepsy.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 persons with epilepsywith idiopathic epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). They were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 50 persons with epilepsywith a history of recent breakthrough seizures. Group 2 included 50 persons with epilepsywho had not experienced any recent breakthrough seizures. Patients were subjected to a thorough questionnaire addressing precipitating factors. All participants were subjected to an electroencephalogram (EEG) and medication adherence assessment.Results: There was no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 regarding age, sex, ageOriginal Research Article of onset of epilepsy, occupation and marital status (P value range 0.5 –0.2). The patients in group 1 were found to have longer durations of epilepsy, lower adherence to AEDs (P= 0.001), moremissed doses of AEDs (P= 0.0001), more side effects of AEDs (P = 0.0005), more sleep deprivation, lower level of AEDs (P= 0.0006), more frequently on AED polytherapy (P = 0.0002), and more flickering lights(P= 0.04) than the participants in group 2. In terms of the EEG, group 1 showed a higher percentage of abnormal EEGs and more frequent focal epileptiform discharges (P = 0.003). Also, pathological findings in MRI brain were associated with higher breakthrough seizures (P = 0.005). No significant difference was found in both group1 and group 2 regarding emotional stress (P = 0.55), substitution of brand AEDs by generic one (P = 0.83), concurrent illness (P = 1), or the use of non AEDs (P = 0.79). Conclusion: The precipitating factors of breakthrough seizures are multifactorial and it is very important to educate patients about these precipitating factors to achieve better control of epilepsy
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    Psychosocial Profile of Juvenile Delinquents
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-07) Patowary, Plabita; Gopalan, Rejani Thudalikunnil
    Juvenile delinquency has become the most important subject matter of discussion in various fields. The disarray and destruction due to deviant behavior is assuming alarming proportions which is an awakening call to the society. The present study aims to assess various psychosocial factors which play a crucial part in the exhibition of delinquency behavior. Purposive sampling was implemented to collect data after obtaining informed consent from a sample of 30 juveniles (15 heinous and 15 non heinous offenders). Independent sample t test is used to see the difference of the different variables between heinous and non heinous offenses and product moment correlation is used to find the relationship between the different variables. Results indicated that resilience factors like emotional insight, empathy, and availability of the family, connectedness with family, negative cognition and social skills are found to have correlation with delinquent behavior. Temperamental characteristics like activation control, attention, inhibitory control and perceptual sensitivity is negatively correlated with the delinquent behavior while aggression is positively correlated. Significant difference is also found in these factors between heinous and no heinous offenses. It is also found that attachment with mother and peers play an important role in exhibiting delinquent behavior
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    Socio-demographic and Clinical Correlates of Community Reintegration of Stroke Survivors in Nigeria
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-09) Ali, Muhammad Usman; Garba, Auwal Yahaya; Oyeyemi, Adewale Luqman; Masta, Mamman Ali; Gujba, Fatima Kachallah; Modu, Ali Alhaji
    Background:Low level of community reintegration among stroke survivors is a major obstacle to rehabilitation services post discharge from acute care. Few studies have assessed the impact of community reintegration on stroke survivors in Nigeria. This study investigates community reintegration and associated factors among stroke survivors in Maiduguri, Nigeria.Methodology:Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 55 stroke survivors attending rehabilitation services from two public hospitals in Maiduguri. Community reintegration was assessed with the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) questionnaire, while information on sociodemographics (e.g., age group, gender, employment status, educational status) and clinical characteristics (e.g., post stroke duration, types of stroke, side of affectation) was obtained using the data form. Logistic regression analyses with odd ratios were used to test the associations between community reintegration and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics Results:The mean age and post stroke duration of the participants were 44.69±13.06 years and 17.25±24.90 months respectively. The participants’ community reintegration scores showed that 60%, 38.2% and 1.8% have no integration, mild to moderate reintegration and complete reintegration respectively. The results indicated that stroke survivors with a stroke duration greater than 8 months (OR=3.32, C.I=1.08-10.27) and those with haemorrhagic stroke (OR=4.67, C.I=1.05-20.66) were more likely to be reintegrated into the community than their counterparts with 6-8 months post stroke duration and ischaemic stroke, respectively. There was significant association between community reintegration and sociodemographic characteristics such as post stroke duration and type of stroke.Conclusions: Rehabilitation strategies should focus on clinical characteristics of the stroke survivors when planning and delivering effective community reintegration interventions
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    Psychological Distress among Residents in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-09) Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Chioma, Phyllis Nnamani; Nonye, Ijeoma Ezeh; Chioma, Okechukwu; Oluwatoyin, Fasesan; Thomas, Obiajulu Ulasi
    Background: During an epidemic, an associated rise in mental health concerns is usually observed. The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on mental health of adults residing in Nigeria is unknown. The current study attempts to determine the prevalenceof psychological distress among adult residents in Nigeria and explore any potential risk factors. Methodology: An online survey developed with Google form was distributed to willing respondents using social media platforms between the time period of 24thof April to 30thof May 2020. Kessler psychological distress scale was used to assess for prevalence of mental health morbidity. Results: Overall, 815 adults responded to the survey, of which 344(42.2%) were males and 471(57.8%) females with a Male:Female ratio of 1:1.4. Overall, the top 3 sources of information on facts concerning COVID-19 were television (28.1%), WhatsApp (16.5%) and health care providers (14.3%), while the least source of information was the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) (0.8%). 47.3% of the respondents had psychological distress: medium risk (41.4%) and high risk (5.9%). Significant predictors include age, occupation, income, working status, and perception of how likely the respondent believe that he or she can be infected with the disease.Conclusion: A high prevalence of psychological distress was detected among adults living in Nigeria. This calls for an urgent review of the existing national protocol on the management of COVID-19 to include strategies and programs that will promptly detect and address the mental health needs of at-risk populations
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    Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Concise Update on Clinical, Diagnostic and Integrative and Alternative Therapeutic Perspectives
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-03) A.Qureshi, Naseem; Alsubaie, Hamoud A.; Ali, Gazzaffi I. M.
    Background: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common multifactorial condition that presents with key manifestations and comorbid with many systemic diseases and regional pain syndromes. Objective:This study aims to concisely review clinical, diagnostic and integrative therapeutic aspects of myofascial pain syndrome. Methods:E-searches (2000-2019) using keywords and Boolean operators were made and using exclusion and inclusion criteria, 50 full articles that focused on myofascial pain syndrome were retained for this review. Results: Myofascial pain syndrome is a multidimensional musculoskeletal disorder with ill-understood etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology and characterized by tender taut muscle with myofascial trigger points, muscle twitch response, specific pattern of referred pain and autonomic symptoms. A variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies with variable efficacy are used in myofascial pain syndrome, the latter modalities such as education, stretching and exercises, moist hot and cold packs, dry needling and myofascial massage or myofascial trigger point massage are used as first line options. Conclusion:Myofascial pain syndrome and trigger points initiated by repeated strains and injuries co-occur with diverse physical diseases and regional pain syndromes, which need comprehensive diagnostic evaluation using multiple methods. Several interventions are used in patients with myofascial pain syndrome who effectively respond to myofascial massage. This study calls for exploring etiopathogenesis and basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying myofascial pain syndrome in future.
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    Review on Febrile Seizures in Children
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-09) V., Thadchanamoorthy; Dayasiri, Kavinda
    Background: Febrile seizures are a common, yet benign neurological disorder and characterized by convulsions associated with fever in childhood due to the effect of fever ontheimmature brain. All treating clinicians must understand the nature and evaluation of this benign condition.Objective:To provide up-to-date knowledge on febrile seizures and their evaluation.Methods:A search was conducted with key terms “febrile seizures” or “febrile convulsion” invarious databases and writings. The literature included clinical trials, descriptive and observational studies, meta-analyses, and randomized control trials. Results:Febrile seizures occur between the ages of6 months to 5years in all ethnic groups. The exact mechanism has been still unknown although several etiologies have been proposed including genetic and environmental factors. Febrile seizures can be either simple or complex. Febrile seizures generally occur within the first day of feverbut rarely happen after 24 hours. Most of the time, febrile convulsions are short-lasting and self-limiting. The diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical description,and investigations have a limited role. Children less than one yearof age with suspicion of bacterialinfection need lumbar puncture to exclude meningitis. Management mostly depends on control of fever and the treatment of underlying conditions which precipitate fever. Some children can have prolonged convulsions which need anticonvulsants to abort an acute attack. Otherwise,long term prophylactic anticonvulsants have an insignificant role in the prevention of recurrencesof febrile seizures. Physical methods also play an insignificant role. As the condition commonly carries a favorable prognosis, unnecessary interventions should be avoided. Since febrile seizures recur in a significant proportion of children, they may bring needless fears and anxieties in parents. However, proper health education for parents by health care personnel might alleviate the anxiety and improve the quality of life of children with febrile seizures.Conclusion:Febrile convulsions are benign and self-limiting. Continuous use of anticonvulsants to prevent the recurrence of febrile seizures is notendorsed. Intermittent prophylaxis at the time of fever is also not routinely recommended. Both physical methods and antipyretics have limited value in the prevention of febrile seizures
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    Playing and Its Importance in the Child Psychoanalytic Therapeutic Process
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-07) Daniela, Ponciano; Ellen, Fernanda Klinger; João, Victor Ponciano; Thamires, Reis Amorim; Deusimar, Noleto Soares
    When it comes to playing, there is the impression that this is something recreational and fun; however, for psychology and psychoanalysis, this goes beyond recreational lines. Playing has a significant value in human development. This study sought to show the importance of playing in the child's life and in the therapeutic process from the perspective of the psychoanalyst. For psychoanalysis, playing is used as an instrument of evaluation and intervention, allowing the analyst to monitor the child's emotional development. We understand the child's playful activity as an expression of their desires, traumas and the elaboration of their conflicts
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    Psychological Counseling in Contemporaneity: A Psychoanalytic Perspective
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-09) Oliveira, Daniela Ponciano; Ellen, Fernanda Klinger; Gisele, Alves Rodrigues; Alanne, Letícia Lima Silva Oliveira; Dennis, Martins Adriano; Luís, Filipe Bonaparte Milhomem; Kaffilla, Alves Botelho; Keytianny, Alencar de Oliveira; Vanessa, Mendes de Oliveira Mota; Talita, Pinheiro Aguiar; Maysa, Gloria Oliveira; Kássia, Silva Oliveira
    Psychological counseling, as a contemporary clinical practice, presents itself as a modality concerned with the model as if the new psychic demands are configured and, above all, focused on respecting the historical horizon of meaning in which the one who addresses his request for help is inserted. Within the counseling process in the approach of psychoanalysis, through clinical listening, the objective is to make patients rescue their narratives by becoming protagonists of their history, enabling them to enter a desirous world. Thus, it is believed that psychological counseling has been bringing benefits to the community in general, through the expansion of the possibilities of clinical listening, which hasbecome a possible reference in the public service.Review Article
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    Prevalence and Determinants of Depression among Caregivers of Children with Heart Diseases in Nigeria
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-07) Chikezie, Eze U.; Duru, Chika O.; Okpokowuruk, Frances S.
    Context: Caregivers of children with heart diseases are faced with the long term care of these children and may suffer psychological illnesses as a result.Aims: To determine the prevalence and determinants ofdepression among caregiversof children with heart diseases attending two Out-patient clinics in South-SouthNigeria. Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study involving the use of the revised Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD-R) questionnaire. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 22.0.Results: Ages of the participants ranged from 24 to 59 years with a mean age of 37.49 years (SD 6.973) and majority were female (79.9%). The overall mean CESD-R score was 8.61 (SD 16.18), ranging from 0 to 60. There was a significant difference in the CESD-R scores between male and female participants (t=2.362, p=0.02) with females scoring higher than males (10.24± 17.69 and 2.15± 3.13) respectively.Overall, depression was found among 23(17.1%) participants. Depression was significantly associated with the female sex (x2=7.006, p=0.009), a history of a mental health illness in the past (x2=66.496, p=0.029)and the marital status of the participants (x2=19.776, p=0.05). No significant relationship was found between depression and age, religion, tribe and educational status (p>0.05), history of medical illnesses (x2=53.006, p=0.538) or type of heart disease the children/wards of the participants were being managed for (x2=8.274, p=0.902). Conclusion: The rate of depression among caregivers of children being managed for congenital and acquired heart diseases in this study is significant. It is recommended that caregivers of children with congenital and acquired heart diseases are routinely given relevant psychosocial support to prevent the development of depression. Routine screening for depression and appropriate intervention for those who meet the criteria is also recommended.
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    Appraising the Neurobehavioural Toxicity Potential of Aqueous Methanol Leaf Extract of Tapinanthus globiferus Growing on Azadirachta indica
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-07) Umarudeen, A. M.; Magaji, M. G.
    The high prevalence and disease burden of anxiety disorders against the paucity and liabilities of existing anxiolytics indicates a need for the discovery of additional/new anti-anxiety agents. However, it is necessary to further screen these new/putative anxiolytic compounds/extracts to rule out the unwanted neurobehavioural toxicities inherent in the existing anti-anxiety drugs. Aqueous methanol leaf extract of Tapinanthus globiferusgrowing on Azadirachta indicahost tree has previouslydemonstrated significant (p<0.05) anxiolytic effects in mice. This study, therefore, set out to counter-screen this extract for locomotion-suppressant, acute amnesic, sedative (myorelaxant) and hypnotic effects using standard mouse behavioural and biochemical paradigms. The leaf extract (150, 500 and 1500 mg/kg) did not cause significant (p>0.05) alterations in spontaneous locomotor activity, motor coordination/balance, sleep onset or duration,but dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) increases (63.28±5.63, 65.63±4.12 and 69.18±3.69) in novel object recognition indices of extract-treated compared to 51.54±4.03 and 61.06±2.91 scores in diazepam-and aqua-treated mice, respectively.These findings indicate the aqueous methanol leaf extract is mostly devoid of the evaluated neurobehavioural toxicities and may possess short-term memory enhancement property in mice. These findings may justifythe traditional use of Tapinanthus globiferusextracts for memory enhancement
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    Prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among School-age Adolescent
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-06) Astitene, Khalid; Aguenaou, Hassan; Lahlou, Laila; Barkat, Amina
    Aim: After a traumatic event, the person can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of PTSD in adolescents in public middle schools of the prefecture of Salé in Morocco and study anxiety and depression which are the comorbid disorders of the PTSD. The survey was carried out from March to June 2017.Methods: 523 students were selected by the cross-sectional method from fifteen schools that were randomly selected, the age of the students vary between 12 and 17 years. For the survey, standardized questionnaires (the socio-demographic data, the Life Events Checklist, the CPTS-RI (Children's Post Traumatic Stress Reaction Index), the STAIY (State Trait Inventory Anxiety Form Y) and the CDI (Children Depression Inventory) were used which were filled in by the students Results: The prevalence of PTSD was 70.4% in the students who have PTSD. We found that the prevalence in boys was 46.74%, while in girls it was 53.26%. In addition to that, 81% of students found to be anxious and 51.8% of students have depression. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder among adolescents, there are practical implications for the support and care of these adolescents
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    Auditory Evoked Potentials P50: Pure-tones vs Clicks. There is a Similar Supression?
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-06) PhD, M.D; López, Seidel Guerra; M.D; Rodríguez, María de Los A. Pedroso; M.D; Diego Cantero; Gilvan Aguiar da Silva
    Objective:Clinical application of middle-latency auditor evoked potential (MLAEPs) has been increasing, highlighting the importance of understanding the nature of P50,a componentof middle-latency auditory evoked potential. We manipulated stimulus frequency bands in auditory stimuli in order to investigate the nature of P50 in human auditory evoked potentials.Methods:Two paradigms have been used to obtain P50: one is a conditioning /testing paradigm in which paired of pure tone (1000Hz) are delivered, and the other was presented paired of clicks, both with an intensity of 60 dB sound pressure level above the auditory threshold. A total of 30 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study among Center of genetic engineering (fifteen man and fifteen women, mean age of 36,5). All without consumption of caffeine, cigarettes and drugs. Results:No statistically significant differences occurred between the P50 amplitudes and latencies for the pure tone and those for the clicks.Conclusions:Ourpresent results indicate that P50 in humans may reflect a feed-forward mechanism of the brain where a preceding stimulus drives sensory gating mechanisms in preparation for a second stimulus, but the contained frequency doesn't influence on the P50. Both types (tones or clicks) can be used in the exploration of patient with this evoked potential
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    Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis among Mentally Ill Persons in Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2019-04) Iquo, Bassey Otu-Bassey; Dora, Imefon Udoh; Ofonime, Mark Ogba; Monday, Francis Useh
    Aim:The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in relation to mental illness among inpatients of Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar was investigated with a view to improving the quality of their medical care. Study Design: This was cross sectional study. Ethical approval and patients’ informed consent were sought and obtained before collection and processing of samples.Place and Duration of Study: Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Calabar, between February and August, 2016.Methodology: We included 246 (126 patients, 120 apparently healthy) subjects. Intestinal parasites were detected by direct stool microscopy and formol ether concentration technique and the cellophane anal swab method for Enterobius vermicularis.Chi square analysis was used to compare percentages.Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among the 126 studied patients was 49.2% compared to 11.7% recorded among the 120 apparently healthy (control) subjects examined (P < 0.0001). There was no significant association between intestinal parasites prevalence and gender in test as well as control subjects 60.0% v. 45.1%, respectively, p = 0.2022) and 14.3% v. 8.8%, respectively, P = 0.3113). Subjects with chronic mental cases insignificantly harbored more intestinal parasites than those with acute cases (53.8% v. 47.1%, respectively; P = 0.5699). Parasites detected in the study were Hookworm 34.6%, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar25%, Ascaris lumbricoides17.3%, Trichuris trichiura9.6%, Enterobius vermicularis5.8%, Giardia intestinalis3.8%, Taenia species and Schistosoma mansoni1.9% each. Hookworm ranked highest 34.6% among the parasites encountered in the test subjects while Ascaris lumbricoides33.3% took the lead in the control group. People diagnosed with Variance Psychosis disorder recorded highest infection rate (68.4%) while those with substance abuse had the least (28.0%). Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis may possibly play aetiologic or enhancement role in mental ill health. For effective management of the mental challenge, periodic parasitic investigations and appropriate therapy before and after admittance should be effected in all psychiatric institutions
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    Mental Health First Aid Training: A Study of Community Members’ Pre and Post-training Responses to a 17-Item Questionnaire
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Al-Habeeb, Abdulhameed Abdullah; Aleshaiwi, Haifa Saad; Qureshi, Naseem Akhtar
    Background:Mental Health First Aid, an important component of metal health educational programs, targets naive community members, public, allied mental health personnel, and mental health experts with specific reference as to how these trained aiders should help people in crisis or with mental health conditions in the community.Objective:This study aimed to describe pre-to-post-test assessment of those who were trained in MHFA program.Setting: National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods:Trained mental health professionals organized MHFA courses (n=35) for training self-selected, nonrandomized community members (n=862) who were assessed pre-to-post training by using an adapted 17-item questionnaire for measuring the impact of MHFA course on their mental health knowledge, perception, attitude and practice.Results: The participants’ responses to questionnaire were varied at pre-and post-test evaluation and 65% of them showed mild to significant positive changes in their responses, and the rest were not affected positively after this course, possibly attributed to multiple factors related tonaïve community trainees, advanced questionnaire, short timeline and dissimilar instructors.Conclusion: Although all participants well received the MHFA courses, 65% of participants’ pre-to-post-test responses improved positively. The preliminary results of this studyarenot generalizable to the whole community,need to be cautiously interpreted and this research is calling for more studies especially randomized controlledtrials in future.
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    Epidemiological Analysis of Hospitalizations for Head Trauma in Hospitals of Belém do Pará, Between 2015 and 2019
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Chaves, Brenda Stefany de Campos; Cássia, Oliveira Cabral da Paz; Letícia, Gomes de Oliveira; Nirlando, Igor Fróes Miranda; Ingrid, Tavares de Araújo; Alícia, Gleides Fontes Gonçalves; Azevedo, Marineuza Jardim; Ramos, Francisco Luzio de Paula
    Objective:The study aimed to describe the epidemiology of cases of hospitalization due to TBI in Belém/PA, between 2015 and 2019.Methodology:This is a descriptive epidemiological study, with a retrospectiveapproach, whose data were obtained through consultation in the Notifiable Diseases Information System.Results:Were 2.103 cases were reported, of which (75, 3%) were male, 80,7% without race/color information, coming largely from the emergency department, with predominance of admission to a Municipal Emergency Hospital (78, 2%). Conclusion:The high incidence of TBI in certain groups, associated with the present need to carry out complete care records, reinforces the need for health information, serving as an epidemiological basis and for the management of services. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the possible causes and act in the planning and elaboration of strategies that aim to prevent the numerous cases of TBI
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    Assessment of Causes and Effects of Drugs and Substances Abuse among Youth: A Case Study of Katsina Metropolis (North West Nigeria)
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Lawal, Nasiru; Aliyu, Al Mustapha A.
    Aims:To determine the cause, effect and type of drugs commonly abuse among youth in Katsina metropolis.Study Design:Descriptive cross-sectional design carried out in Katsina metropolis in June to September 2018.Methodology:A descriptive cross sectional design was used for the study where by 384 respondents were selected through a purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select the study subject from the study areas.A validated and structured interviewer administered questionnaire (IAQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0.Results:Findings from the study showed that peer pressure 75(19.5%) and desire for enjoyment51(13.3%) are the major cause associated with the abuse of drugs by the respondents. The most commonly abused substances by the respondents include Tobacco 112(29.2%), Codeine 68(17.7%) Marijuana (Indian hemp) 55(14.3), and cola nut 17(3.4%) and majority of the respondent Original Research Article perceive negative effect of poor health (madness) 212 (55.2%) as the major effect and aggressive behavior’s 71(18.5%).Conclusion: The major cause of substance abuse among youth are peer pressureand desire for enjoyment, common effect ispoor health and Tobacco is the common abuse drug. It is therefore recommended that Parent should take good care of their children during teenage age and government should control the production and supply of these illicit substances.