The Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Vitex Doniana Stem Bark on Peripheral and Central Nervous System of Laborotory Animals.
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Date
2012-03
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Abstract
This study evaluated the depressant effects V. doniana stem bark ethanolic extract.
The stem bark of V. doniana (2kg) was macerated for five days with 95% ethanol, filtered
and evaporated in vacuo and the extracts concentrate yields was calculated to be 14.8%w/w.
The intraperitoneal LD50 in rats estimated with 95% confidence limit was 2154.06mg/kg
while no mortality was recorded with the oral route even on administration of 5000mg/kg
extract. Thus the extract can be administered with a certain degree of safety. Pre-liminary
phytochemical analysis was conducted to ascertain the primary and secondary metabolites
present in the extract using standard procedures. The results revealed the presence of tannins,
phlobatannins, saponins, carbohydrates, cardioactive glycoside, flavonoids, steroids and
terpenes. Alkaloids and anthracenosides were absent in the extract. The administration of
doses of 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL of the extract produced 70% and 80% local anesthesia
respectively on rabbits. Xylocaine exerted local anesthetic effect of 35% and 50% at a
concentration of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml respectivel. The result shows that the extract has
significant (P< 0.01) local anesthetic effect when compared to xylocaine. Antinociceptive
activity of the ethanolic extract was evaluated using acetic acid induced pain and heat. The
extract demonstrated significant antinociceptive activities dose dependently when compared
to control .The activity being more pronounced at highner dose of 600mg/kg which gave the
high percentage protection of the abdominal constriction induced by acetic acid . About 80
and 100% of the treated rats with 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg of the extracts slid down the
board. Effect of the extract of pentobarbitone sleep time in Albino Wister rats was also
evaluated. The ethanolic stem bark extract of V. doniana increase the sleeping time together
with the pentobarbitone from 72.3±3.07 at a doses(100mg/kg of extract and 35 mg/kg of the
pentobarbitone) to 181±0.35 at a dose of 400mg/kg and 35 mg/kg) respectively.
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Keywords
Vitex, Phytochemical, Local Anesthetic, Analgesia, muscle relaxant, pentobarbitone sleep
Citation
Tijjani Mustapha A, Abdurahaman Fanna I, Khan Irfan Z, Sandabe Umar K. The Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Vitex Doniana Stem Bark on Peripheral and Central Nervous System of Laborotory Animals. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2012 Mar; 2(3): 74-79.