International Current Pharmaceutical Journals

Editor: Prof. Bidyut Kanti Datta

ISSN: 2224– 9486br>
Frequency: Monthly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.icpjonline.com/index.htm

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Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 20 of 175
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    Cases and Causes of Depression among School Going Adolescents in Lahore, Pakistan
    (Saki Publishing Club, 2018-11) Rehman, Abdul; Mehboob, Tooba; Aslam, Rabia; Yousaf, Uzma; Bashir, Irfan; Tabassam, Naila
    Depression is a mental syndrome and lifetime prevalence of depression is found to be 16.2% in general population. Symptoms of depression in adolescent are different in comparison to adults. These symptoms include disrupted sleep, weigh loss or gain, stubbornness, irritating behavior while getting ready for school and loss of interest in sports. Major risk factors for depressive disorder in adolescent are low socioeconomic status, poverty and low parental education. A descriptive study was conducted in which data was collected through a validated questionnaire from more than 15 randomly selected private and government schools in Lahore. Total 478 students (F=190, M=288) from different schools with different socioeconomics background participated in the present study. Around 438 (91.6%) students responded that they have gone through the depression at some phase of their life. 23.2% and 43.9% students answered that they feel ignored and worthless by their family members often or occasionally, respectively. Domestic fights, quarrel and unfriendly environment, like shouting and use of abusive language disturb the psychological health of the children and provoke feelings of loneliness and sadness. Depression is a mental illness and one should not be shy about and feel uncomfortable for getting help. Seminars for awareness should be conducted at Government and Private level to reduce the incidence of depression among teenagers.
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    Updates on Approaches to Increase the Residence Time of Drug in the Stomach for Site Specific Delivery: Brief Review
    (Saki Publishing Club, 2018-04) Soni, Shashank; Ram, Veerma; Verma, Anurag
    In the field of oral drug delivery system, a gastroretentive system is gaining popularity day by day. Numerous of research work and extensive literature are published in past few years on gastroretentive drug delivery system. It is the one of the best and appropriate approaches for increasing the residence time of drug in the stomach and diffuses drug slowly in the sustained manner which helps in the site-specific delivery of the drug as well also increases the bioavailability at site-specific of delivery. This helps in many challenges associated with conventional oral drug delivery system. Different ways are used for approaching gastroretention viz. swelling and expandable system, high-density system, magnetic system, bioadhesive system and buoyant system with or without gas generating agents. During data mining well in vitro characterization and in vivo characterization including gamma scintigraphic and MRI techniques are well established and reported. But, still, today in vivo characterization technique is major challenging for the researcher due to its limitation. The documented literature explains the use of animal models like beagle dogs, rabbits and human subjects for in vivo evaluation parameter but it leads to increase in variation that抯 why this delivery system is limited in the market. This paper contains the latest literature compilation and various techniques used for gastroretention with its pros and cons. This review paper helps the researcher to take an overview of basics of gastroretentive drug delivery system and helps in understanding the basics of the system.
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    Formulation and investigation of crushed puffed rice-chitosan-HPMC based polymeric blends as carrier for sustained stomach specific drug delivery of piroxicam using 3(2) Taguchi mathematical design studies
    (Saki Publishing Club, 2018-04) Soni, Shashank; Ram, Veerma; Verma, Anurag
    In the present experimental investigation an attempt has been made to assess the utility of Crushed Puffed Rice (CPR)-High Molecular Weight Chitosan (HMWCH)-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose K15M (HPMC K15M) as a polymeric carrier for the sustained stomach delivery of Piroxicam (PRX). A total of nine formulations were prepared by using 3 (2) Taguchi factorial design, physically blending drug and polymer(s) followed by encapsulation into hard gelatin capsules size 1. The prepared capsules were evaluated for various performance such as weight variation, drug contents, in vitro buoyancy and drug release in 0.1 M HCl. The effect of drug loading on in vitro performance of the formulations was also determined. Crushed puffed rice (CPR) remained buoyant for up to average time span of 06 hr as an unwetted irregular mass in 0.1 M HCl. However, when combined with HMWCH or HPMC K15M or HPMC K15M + HMWCH a low -density cylindrical raft type hydrogel was formed which remained buoyant for up to 12 hr and released up to 99% drug in a sustained manner from 8 to 12 hr following zero order release kinetics. It was also observed that drug release from drug + CPR matrices followed Fickian mechanism. Combination of CPR + HMWCH or HMWCH + HPMC K15M also follows Fickian mechanism. Obtained data from the research work suggests that CPR in combination with HMWCH or HPMC K15M or HPMC has sufficient potential to be used as a carrier for stomach specific delivery of gastric irritant drug like PRX
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    Profilistic Study of Bioactivities of Extracts of Gongronema latifolium Incorporated with Alum on some Clinical Bacteria
    (Saki Publishing Club, 2018-10) Amadi, Lawrence O.; Ngerebara, Nathaniel N.; Okafor, Chidinma A.
    Profilistic study of bioactivities of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium in combination with potassium aluminium sulphate (Alum) against some clinical bacterial pathogens were investigated by disc diffusion (DD) and Agar well diffusion (AWD) methods respectively. The leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.1-0.3g were reconstituted in sterile distilled water as well as 1.0-3.0g of alum prior to application. In-vitro bioactivity of various concentrations of the extracts and in combination with alum were evaluated by measuring diameter of inhibition zones (DIZs) respectively. Methanolic leaf extract (MLE) had the largest mean DIZs of 14.5�5 and 11.5�0mm on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, with enhanced bioactivity of 19.5�7 and 17.5�7mm with alum against Bacillus subtilis, Sal. typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by DD and AWD methods respectively. However, aqueous leaf extract (ALE) and ethanolic leaf extract (ELE) and their combinations depicted appreciable antibacterial activity on the pathogens but incomparable to MLE. Generally, there was enhancement of bioactivties with the incorporation of Alum to the leaf extracts (irrespective of solvent of extraction) on a dose response fashion particularly by AWD method. Furthermore, the low MIC values of less than 0.05 to 0.2mg/ml on the bacteria with MLE and ALE, validates their potency and broad spectrum activity. In contrast, the very large DIZs of Ciprofloxacin (CP) reflects the beneficial impact of purified chemotherapeutics against pathogens. Thus, the improved efficacy of these extracts with alum would justify future application in ethnomedicine as well as in nutraceuticals/pharmaceuticals or in food systems as 揼reen chemicals� or 揵iopreservatives�.
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    A Study on Acid-Base Indicator Property of Flowers of Gomphrena globosa
    (Saki Publishing Club, 2018-11) Abbas, Sajin Kattuvilakam; Antony, Feba; Davis, Delishya
    Indicators are used to determine the equivalence point in acid � base titrations (neutralization titrations). They exhibit sharp color change with respect to change in pH. Popularly used indicators for neutralization titrations are synthetic chemicals. They are found to have hazardous effects in human body. The highly colored pigments obtained from plants are found to exhibit color changes with variation in pH. A study was done to check the indicator action of aqueous extract of flower pigments and compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators. Extraction was done using hot water and a definite volume of extract was added which gave accurate and reliable results for different types of neutralization titrations - strong base against strong acid, strong acid against a weak base, weak base against strong acid and weak acid against weak base. The work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a suitable substitute to the synthetic indicators.
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    Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and traditional uses of Emblica officinalis: A review.
    (2016-01) Hasan, Md Rubaiyat; Islam, Md Nasirul; Islam, Md Rokibul
    From the ancient time, plants have been playing a key role for the betterment of mankind presenting as an extraordinary source of natural medicine. The complexity in formulating chemical based drugs as well as their health related side effects and uprising cost has led worldwide researchers to focus on medicinal plant research. Bangladesh has a vast repository of diverse plant species where about five thousand plants species have been claimed as having significant medicinal values. The researched papers on medicinal plants publishing from last few decades mention the activities of different plant bioactive compounds that are used widely in the treatment of various human ailments. Emblica officinalis is reported to possess bioactive compounds like tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, ascorbic acids and many other compounds which are confirmed to have diverse pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, radio-protective, hepatoprotective, antitissuive, immunomodulatory, hypolipedemic and many other activities. This medicinal plant is also reported to have anticancer, anti HIV-reverse transcriptase, antidiabetic, antidepressant, antiulcerogenic, wound healing activities and so forth. The current review paper summarizes the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities and traditional uses of the plant Emblica officinalis.
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    Novel core in cup (In-lay) tablets of lamotrigine for mucoadhesive drug delivery system.
    (2016-01) Srinija, K; Lakshmi, P K
    Lamotrigine a BCS class II drug used in treatment of epilepsy has several disadvantages when taken orally (first pass metabolism and increased Cmax). The aim of the study is to design core in cup (In lay) buccoadhesive tablets which aims for controlled, unidirectional release, increased patient compliance and decreased side effects. The present study involves the preparation of core in cup tablets containing release retarding polymers like sodium alginate, xanthan gum and HPMC E 15LV in core and HPMC K 15M in cup for mucoadhesion. L9 orthogonal array Taguchi design was constructed for the study. The dependent variable studied for L9 orthogonal array Taguchi runs include % drug release from which the formulation with highest S/N ratio was optimized. All the runs were evaluated for physical parameters, drug release, mucoadhesive studies and assay. L1, L2, L4 and L8 formulations showed controlled release for up-to 8 hours with good assay values. The model dependent kinetics showed zero order kinetics with super case II transport and Hixson Crowell mechanism which indicates unidirectional drug release.
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    Vitamin D deficiency in children: A review on prevention and treatment strategy.
    (2015-12) Alreshidi, Ibrahim Dughaim
    As an essential fat-soluble vitamin in human body, the main function of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by its receptor. In the past decade, VD has drawn gradual and consistent attention from the scientific community and health professionals. According to epidemiological survey, approximately one billion people are under the state of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the world. This phenomenon is also very common in China. By participating in calcium and phosphorus absorption from GIT, VD stands as a very important functional immune regulator. It plays a vital role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, mainly through the modulation of growth, differentiation and function of a variety of immune cells, and the influence of secretion of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. VD deficiency and pediatric diseases such as acute lower respiratory infection and asthma are associated with not only pediatric skeletal disorders (including nutritional rickets,osteomalacla,and osteoporosis), but also pediatric non-skeletal disorders, such as mortality rate, cardiovascular disorders and mortality,metabolic syndrome (including obesity,impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders and hypertension), cancer,infection,allergy and asthma, neurological and mental diseas-es,autoimmune diseases,and chronic kidney diseases. Although VD treatment of skeletal disorders has been widely recognized,its efficacy and long-term effect on non-skeletal disorders is not clear. Hence, for the benefit of general children and their families, aim of the present review is to determine some convincing facts of evidence-based medicine about Chinese children, and to discuss certain reasonable, right and effective measures to prevent VD deficiency thereby reducing the risk of rickets.
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    Central nervous system activity of the methanol extracts of Helianthus annuus seeds in mice model.
    (2015-12) Islam, Rubab Tarannum; Islam, Ahmed Tanjimul; Hossain, Mir Monir; Mazumder, Kishor
    Helianthus annuus seeds contain various chemical components and evaluate different biological activities. The present study was carried out to investigate the central nervous system (CNS) activity of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus seeds in mice model. General behaviour, antidepressant activity and anxiolytic activity was observed. The results revealed that the methanol extract of Helianthus annuus seeds at 100 and 200 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the spontaneous activity (general behavioural profile), moderate increase in anxiolytic activity (light-dark box and elevated plus maze test) and remarkable increase in antidepressant activity (tail suspension test). The results suggest that methanol extract of Helianthus annuus exhibit significant antidepressant and moderate anxiolytic activity in tested animal models.
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    The analysis of the effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.
    (2015-11) Alreshidi, Ibrahim Dughaim; Al-Mutairi, Khalid Mohammed; Han, Xie
    Objective of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of levofloxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection. The study was carried out in hospital on 120 patients with lower respiratory tract infection from January 2014 to January 2015. Patients were randomly divided into control and observation groups, each group contained 60 patients. The control group was given the routine dose of levofloxacin, whereas the observation group received the high dose of levofloxacin. The clinical effectiveness and incidence rate of untoward reactions between the two groups were statistically analyzed and evaluated. Patients’ cure rate in the observation group was 53.33%, significantly higher than that of the control group which was only 36.67%. Their differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Observation group demonstrated a very good total effective rate of 93.33%, compared to the control group (78.33%). Their differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Incidence of adverse reactions in case of both the observation and control group patients, were relatively low, resulting insignificant statistical difference between the groups (P>0.05). This study shows better clinical curative effect of high doses of levofloxacin treating lower respiratory infection with minimum risk. This method, which can significantly improve the quality of patient treatment with low adverse reaction risk, is worth popularizing in clinical use.
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    Synthesis and in vivo Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic activities of Oxadiazoles clubbed with Benzothiazole nucleus.
    (2015-11) Kumar, Vishal; Sharma, Saurabh; Husain, Asif
    The aim of the present work is to synthesize and evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of 2-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1,3-benzathiazole derivatives. In the present investigation, a series of 2-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1,3-benzathiazole derivatives (3a1-3a9) were synthesized by condensing benzothiazolyl carboxyhydrazide and appropriate aryl acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. Structures of synthesized compounds were established on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectroscopy. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at the dose of 50 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg po. The biological result shows that some compounds were good in their anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions.
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    Relationship between gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).
    (2015-10) Perveen, Sajida; jabeen, Qaiser; Iqbal, Muhammad Zahid
    Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) both have no adequate classification in addition to nomenclature that creates difficulties for researchers to find link between them. Aim of this work was to review the most recent data available on PIH and GDM and find the association between both conditions during gestation. Epidemeologies and whole studies which have done till now days, could not satisfy that what is association between PIH and GDM. The main issue to solve is how to find the association between GDM and PIH. Very limited data and research studies are available, creating hindrance to find any association. The one way to find the association now, can be that it should be checked the level of hypertension before, during and after gestation. According to the available data and research, it could be deduced that insulin resistance, present in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), may provide association more frequently. However, no direct evidential data is available for this link.
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    Effect of HPMC and ethyl cellulose polymeric granules and its combinations in press coated tablets of lornoxicam: fabrication and in vitro characterization.
    (2015-09) Dineshmohan, S; Gupta, V R M; Ramesh, A; Harika, V; Sravani, T
    The main objective of the present exploration was to formulate and evaluate chronomodulated press-coated tablets to deliver the NSAID lornoxicam, when a pain in the joints, functional disability persist in the early morning time is typically observed in most Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Pre formulation studies and drug excipient compatibility studies were carried out for lornoxicam and excipients. Core tablets containing lornoxicam was prepared by direct compression method and the tablets were subjected to various pre-compression and post-compression parameters (C1-C4 formula) based on the above result best core tablet batch was selected and used for press coating processes. HPMC and EC granules were used as controlled release polymers in the outer layer. These tablets were subjected to pre and post compression parameters, finally the tablets were evaluated for lag time and in vitro dissolution. Results of preformulation studies were acceptable limits. No interaction was observed between lornoxicam and excipients by FTIR. The results of pre and post compression studies were within limits. Formulation code CC3 was identified as best formulation that extends a release profile with 6 h lag time followed by complete lornoxicam release after 8 h. From the graphical representation it can be well perceive that this is perfectly fit in to Korsemeyer which had a Regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9431. The results of the in-vitro release data of this layer were fitted to the Korsemeyer-Peppas equation to examine the release pattern of the drug from the polymeric system. The drug release was identified as super case II transport as the “n” value found to be more than 0.89.
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    Pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis of Lepidium sativum L. seeds.
    (2015-09) Ahmad, Rizwan; Mujeeb, Mohd; Anwar, Firoz; Husain, Asif; Ahmad, Aftab; sharma, Saurabh
    Objective of the present study was to carry out the physicochemical and phytochemicals standardization of Lepidium sativum Lseeds to establish the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this valuable medicinal plant. Many standardization parameters of Lepidium sativum were analyzed. Standard method was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening. Analysis of pesticides residues, aflatoxin & heavy metals were also performed. The sections of seeds were prepared for quantitative microscopic parameters. The air dried powdered plant material was subjected for determination of physicochemical standardizations like ash value, Extractive value and fluorescence nature of the powder drug using light of short and longwavelength of 254nm and 366nm respectively. Phytochemical screening was performed for the identification of phytoconstituents in the plant which was helpful in the development of analytical profile. The morphological and microscopic examinations of drug were revealed the presence of endosperm cell which are polygonal in shape and contain alerone grains and oil droplet, cell of testa, yellow colouring matter and starch grains. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, saponins and lipids in the drug extract and flourescence nature of drug was confirmed by fluorescence analysis in different solvent. Concentrations of heavy metals,ash value and extractive value were determined and found within acceptable Pharmacopoeial limits. Pesticides residues and aflatoxins were also determined but not detected in the tested samples. The physicochemical and phytochemical standards which are outcome of this research may be utilized as substantial data for identification and standardization of L. sativum seed.
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    Dissolution enhancement of glimepiride dispersion using glyceryl monostearate and β-cyclodextrin as carrier.
    (2015-09) Rafshanjani, Md Abu Shuaib; Rahman, Md Mofizur; Parvin, Shumaia; Kader, Md Abdul
    Glimepiride is an antidiabetic drug of sulfonylurea group and indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to enhance the dissolution rate of glimepiride solid lipid nano particle dispersions using hot homogenization method and glimepiride solid dispersion by precipitation method. Solid lipid nanoparticles have been used as suitable carriers for delivery of drug with poor solubility. In this investigation glyceryl monostearate and stearic acid were used as solid lipid, Lutrol F-68 as surfactant, Tween 80 as stabilizer and the used polymer were urea crystal and β-cyclodextrin. Three formulations were prepared in different ratios for two methods and were designated as GMLN1 to GMLN3 in case of hot homogenization method and GMP1 to GMP3 for precipitation method. The evaluation of all the dispersions were done by in vitro dissolution studies using US Pharmacopeia type II apparatus (paddle method) in 900ml distilled water at 50 rpm to a temperature of 37°C ± 0.5°C for 45 minutes. In situ and externally sink method revealed the release pattern of drug was found to follow zero order, first order and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations. Improved dissolution profile was observed in all the solid lipid nano particle dispersions as compared to pure drug as well as market preparation. Thus, glyceryl monostearate and β-cyclodextrin can be successfully used as carrier for improvement of dissolution and bioavailability of glimepiride.
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    Quality analysis of different marketed brands of paracetamol available in Bangladesh.
    (2015-08) Kar, Auditi; Amin, Mohammad Nurul; Hossain, Mohammad Salim; Mukul, Md Emdadul Hasan; Rashed, Md Saif Uddin; Ibrahim, Md
    Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug worldwide. The present study was conducted to analyze the quality of seven marketed brands of paracetamol tablet formulation manufactured by different multinational and national companies. The tablet formulations of different brands were tested for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile using standard techniques to evaluate their quality. The values were compared with the standards. Weight variation value requirement was complied by all brands. All studied samples except two local products complied with the standard specification for tablet hardness. All brands showed impressive friability values and products of multinational companies comparatively exhibited the highest values. Disintegration time for all brands was within 15 minutes also complying the USP (United State of Pharmacopeia) recommendation. Moreover, the release rate of different brands of paracetamol was satisfactory within 45 minutes and ranged from 79.82% to 103.53%. Therefore, it can be concluded that almost all the brands of paracetamol that are available in Bangladesh meet the USP specification for quality control analysis.
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    Antimicrobial property and phytochemical study of ginger found in local area of Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2015-06) Riaz, Humayun; Begum, Almas; Raza, Syed Atif; Khan, Zia Mohy-Ud-Din; Yousaf, Hamad; Tariq, Ayesha
    The aim of study is to identify the antimicrobial property of ginger. Phytochemical screening of chloroform plant extract showed presence of different chemicals. In this study we used Cultures of E. Coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis to identify the antimicrobial strength. Effectiveness of ginger against different conditions attributed to its different constitu-ents (volatile oils, shogaols, Gingerols and diarylheptanoids) that show their therapeutic efficacy by modulating the genetic or metabolic activities of our body. In this study, we performed phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial assay of ginger root extract which were available in our local farms of Lahore. Ginger possesses a noticeable antimicrobial activity which was confirmed by checking the susceptibility of different strains of bacteria and fungus by measuring the zone of inhibition. In the light of several socioeconomic factors of Pakistan mainly poverty and poor hygienic condition, present study encourages the use of spices as alternative or supplementary medicine to reduce the burden of high cost, side effects and progressively increasing drug resistance of pathogens.
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    Safety and Mechanism of Action of Licensed Vaccine Adjuvants.
    (2015-07) Rambe, Dirga Sakti; Giudice, Giuseppe Del; Rossi, Stefania; Sanicas, Melvin
    Vaccines are some of the most effective tools for the prevention of infectious diseases. Adjuvants are included in vaccines for a variety of reasons: to increase the breadth of response, to lower antigen dose, to overcome limited immune response in some populations, or to enable complex combination vaccines. This study aims to review the safety of licensed vaccine adjuvants and describe their mechanism of action. Potential publications for inclusion were identified through a direct search of PubMed/Medline database. Results of online literature searches were supplemented by relevant papers cited in published studies along with the authors’ knowledge of published studies. To date, there are 5 licensed vaccine adjuvants in US and Europe: Aluminum salts (EU, US), MF59 (EU), AS03 (EU), AS04 (EU, US), and virosomes (EU). AS03 is not available as an adjuvant in other vaccines but included within the US government’s National Stockpile. All vaccines that contain these adjuvants have been proven safe in clinical trials and post-marketing studies, with the exception of the AS03, for which the rare events of narcolepsy have been reported in some countries. Every adjuvant has a complex and often multifactorial immunological mechanism, usually poorly understood in vivo. The safety profile of an adjuvant, including the actual and hypothetical risks, is a critical component that can speed up or impede adjuvant development. The increasing understanding in adjuvant sciences is fundamental to the further development of new adjuvants.
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    Development and validation of UV-spectrophotometric methods for quantitative estimation of Prothionamide in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
    (2015-06) Debnath, Sujit Kumar; Saisivam, S; Dash, Dillip Kumar; Debnath, Monalisha
    UV Spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Prothionamide in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulations. Prothionamide shows the maximum absorbance at 288 nm in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Prothiona-mide follows Beer’s law in the concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml (r2 = 0.999). The detection limit (DL) and quantitation limit (QL) were 0.406 and 1.229 μg/ml respectively. Accuracy and precision were found to be satisfactory. The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. All the validation parameters were found to be satisfactory accordance with the standard values. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for routine practice for the determination of Prothionamide in assay of bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations.
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    Formulation of fast disintegrating domperidone tablets using Plantago ovata mucilage by 32 full factorial design.
    (2015-07) Shahidulla, S M; Khan, Mohib; Jayaveera, K N
    The present work was carried out to study the disintegrant property of plantago ovata mucilage. The objective of the work was to formulate fast disintegrating tablets of Domperidon with a view to enhance patient compliances and dissolution rate by direct compression method using 3² full factorial design. Plantago ovata mucilage (2-10% w/w) was used as natural superdisintegrant and microcrystalline cellulose (0-30% w/w) was used as diluent, along with directly compressible mannitol to enhance mouth feel. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time and water absorption ratio. Based on in vitro dispersion time (approximately 10s); the formulation containing 10% w/w Plantago ovata mucilage and 30%w/w microcrystalline cellulose was found to be promising and tested for in vitro drug release pattern (in 0.1 N HCl), short-term stability (at 40º/75% RH for 3 month) and drug-excipient interaction. Surface response plots are presented to graphically represent the effect of independent variables (concentrations of Plantago ovata mucilage and microcrystalline cellulose) on the in vitro dispersion time. The validity of the generated mathematical model was tested by preparing two extra-design check point formulations. The optimized tablet formulation was compared with conventional commercial tablet formulation for drug release profiles. This formulation showed nearly four-fold faster drug release (t50% 2.85 min) compared to the conventional commercial tablet formulation (t50% 7.85 min). Short-term stability studies on the formulation indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and in vitro dispersion time (p < 0.05).