International Journal of Medical Research & Review

Editor in Chief : Dr. D. Sharad Gedam,

ISSN: 2320–6012(Print)

Frequency: 6 issues a year

Language: English

An Journal of Shishu Mangalam Child Care Centre, Bhopal, India

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.ijmrr.in/ /

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Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 20 of 136
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    Clinical and functional profile of 6-12-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder referred to a tertiary care center in South India
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Gupta, DAG; George, B; Nair, MKC; ML, Leena; Bhaskaran, D
    Objective: To describe the clinical, socio-demographic, and functional profile of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) referred to a tertiary care center in Kerala, India. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from records of developmental evaluation clinic over a period of one year. All-consecutive cases the first time diagnosed as ADHD were enrolled. Autism Spectrum Disorder, genetic disorders, and children with sensory impairments were excluded. Clinical profile was based on presenting symptoms, gender, and socio-demographic characteristics; functional status assessed by Conner’s 3 Parent Scale and cognitive status by Intelligence Quotient. Results: ADHD prevalence in a clinically referred sample was 12.7%. Boy to girl ratio was 6:1. The mean age of presentation was 8.2 years (SD 6.09). The most common presenting symptom was hyperactivity and behavioral problems followed by poor scholastic performance and poor memory. The functional status assessment showed major concerns in all six domains - Inattention, Hyperactivity, Learning Problem, Executive Functioning, Aggression, and Peer relation, in the majority of children. Children presenting with ADHD symptoms at a later age (9-12 years) had lower IQ scores than those diagnosed at a younger age. Conclusion: Course of childhood ADHD shows a consistent clinical and functional pattern. Early diagnosis and quantification of difficulties at the outset is suggested, which can help in providing early intervention and is likely to improve long-term outcome in these children.
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    Assessment of levels of Vitamin D and Leptin in comparison of BMI among medical students
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-02) J., S; Sampson, U; J., K.
    Introduction: Vitamin D is one of fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the absorption of calcium and phosphate. Deficiency of Vitamin D is unrecognized in many parts of the world. Leptin is a hormone which is derived from adipose tissue. Studies have shown that vitamin D has a negative and powerful control on leptin secretion by vitamin D by acting on the adipose tissue. Aim and Objectives: The study was done to study the relationship between Vitamin D and Leptin based on Body mass index among the medical students. Materials and methods: Vitamin D Leptin and Body mass index were the parameters measured in the study group. Individuals with an age group of 19-23 years of both sexes were included in the study. Individuals above the age of 23 years, those with renal and liver disorders, individuals with hormonal disorders, individuals on vitamin D supplementation were excluded in the study. Vitamin D was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Leptin was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. BMI is calculated by the formula weight in kilograms divided by height in metre square. Results: The results have shown that there is a decrease in vitamin D levels with increasing BMI. (pvalue≤0.001). furthermore, there is an increase in leptin levels with an increase in BMI. (pvalue≤0.001). Conclusion: The study has put forth a suggestion that leptin and vitamin D has a causal relationship between them based on Body Mass index. Adequate vitamin D levels will maximize the effect of maintaining normal leptin levels as high levels of leptin could contribute to obesity-related disorders.
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    Role of Computed Tomography (CT) in traumatic head injury evaluation – a cross-sectional study
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-02) Ramanana-Rao, DV; NVP, DV; K, SS; Chandra, TJ
    Introduction: CT is the single primary modality in the evaluation of patients with acute head injuries. With these, a study was taken to find various clinico radiological patterns of head injuries and to correlate the CT features with clinical operative findings. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried in patients of head injury. The patients with a head injury, craniofacial trauma who underwent CT scanning were included in the study. Patients on the ventilator and with Glasgow coma scale <6 were excluded. Patients were scanned using dual Slice CT, Siemens somatom Emotion duo. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 223 patients were included, 76.2% were males and 73.5% were abnormal scans. Among all intracranial traumatic lesions (ITL) the incidence of multiple ITLs were the most common (35%) and the death rate was 12.6%. Temporal bone fractures (15.2%) were the highest. Conclusion: It was concluded that 21 – 40 years is the typical age group for head injuries, common among male and the incidence of mortality rate is more > 61 years. MICTLs are the most frequent type of hematomas.
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    A single-centre experience of scrub typhus in a tertiary care centre - a re-emerging infection
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-02) Sahoo, D; Maikap, D; Mohanty, L; Patro, S; Panda, S; Mohanty, AA
    Background: Scrub typhus is a documented disease in Himachal Pradesh, but there have been few clinico-epidemiological studies in this area. The present study is done with IgM ELISA as a diagnostic test which has higher sensitivity and specificity as most of the previous studies had used Weil Felix test as a diagnostic test. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. All the patients more than 18 years of age with positive IgM ELISA for scrub typhus with/without eschar were included. The clinical profile was observed. IgM scrub typhus was done by ELISA. Results: Total of 39 patients were observed between July 2016 to Dec 2016. Maximum patients were observed in August, September, and October. Fever with Headache was the most common presenting complaint. Eschar was present in 10 % patients. Complications were seen in 76.92 %. The mortality rate was 0 %. Conclusion: The varied presentations and high rate of complications require a high index of suspicion for Scrub Typhus. The general physicians should be sensitized for the early diagnosis and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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    Management of penetrating cardiac injury in a tertiary hospital in Northeast India
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-02) Thokchom, CS; Laitonjam, C; Nongmaithem, M; C-Arambam, N; D-Khagokpam, H
    Background: Penetrating cardiac injuries are rare and considered the most lethal of all trauma patients. Managing cardiac injuries is a great challenge for the trauma surgeons and the outcome of the treatment of such critical condition depends on the mechanism of injury, haemodynamic status of the patients at the time of presentation, heart chamber involved and other associated injuries. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study of consecutive six patients with penetrating cardiac injuries from January 2015 to December 2019 treated in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India. eFAST and CT scan of the chest were the main imaging methods used for diagnosis. All patients underwent tube thoracostomy for associated haemothorax in the emergency ward. Results: All the patients had penetrating cardiac injuries due to stabbing. Five (63.3%) patients presented with features of cardiac tamponade or with severe hypotension (systolic BP less than 80 mmHg) and one (16.7%) patient who was haemodynamically stable at the time of presentation had developed features of cardiac tamponade after 24 hours. Four patients had undergone emergency left anterolateral thoracotomy, one patient had undergone median sternotomy, and one patient underwent left anterolateral thoracotomy on the second day after admission. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion for cardiac trauma is extremely important in patients presented with penetrating thoracic injuries or upper abdominal injuries. Computed tomography of the chest can show the haemopericardium giving detailed information of associated pulmonary injury and hemothorax. Prompt diagnosis and early surgical intervention play a vital role to save these critically injured patients.
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    Anesthesia- patient’s apprehension, concerns, and counseling
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Mishra, CS; Saxena, S; Dubey, A
    Introduction: To allay anxiety and resolve the patient’s apprehension regarding general anesthesia through counseling. Patients presenting to PAC were asked to participate in a 2-way conversation meant to evaluate and study his apprehension, concerns in relation to anesthesia, and subsequently, a counseling session was given to answer his doubts and resolve his fear. Material and Methods: In the study, it was found the fear of death was the greatest concern. The other major concerns were fear of paralysis and heart attack. Results: The level of fear decreased as the severity of surgery decreased. For major surgery, the fear of death differed significantly with age, especially with increasing age came a lessened fear of death. Counseling by anesthesia provider regarding the fear that the patient reported help to reduce the anxiety. It allows for a more personalized approach towards the patient. It helps anesthesia provider to tailor the informed consent process. Conclusion: In general, the study increases awareness regarding anesthesia among patient and their relatives.
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    Isthmus agenesis with variant topography of levator glandulae thyroideae: A case report
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-06) Potaliya, P; Choudhary, A; Ghatak, S
    The thyroid gland is an imperative endocrine gland present in the neck known commonly for its morphological variations. During routine dissection agenesis of the isthmus of the thyroid gland was observed with levator glandulae thyroidea extending from both the lateral lobes with stout stalks of pyramidal lobes bilaterally. The Levator glandulae thyroidea is a fibro-musculo-glandular band. usually, present unilaterally or extending from isthmus connecting the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland to the hyoid bone. The site of the isthmus is often associated with anastomosis of vessels supplying thyroid gland but strikingly no such anastomosis was observed. The presence of such variant of levator glandulae thyroidea with agenesis of the isthmus is a rare finding and knowledge of such topographical anatomical variations is crucial for understanding associated pathologies related to the thyroid gland and modus operandi in their management.
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    Dosimetric evaluation of 6 MV and 18 MV intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans for treatment of carcinoma of the cervix
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Palaniappan, SM; Khaleel, I; Varatharaj, C.; KM, Ganesh; Ravikumar, M.
    Introduction: Cervical cancer (Ca Cx) is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 57000 new cases in 2018 representing 6.6% of all female cancers. Approximately 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Material and Methods: A retrospective radiotherapy treatment planning comparative study conducted at the Department of Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore during June 2018- March 2019. Result: All the plans were normalized to 100 % at Target mean to achieve a similar target dose for quantitative comparison of DVHs. The results for target coverage, OAR sparing, integral dose, and monitoring units. Conclusions: The tradeoff of using 6 MV and 18 MV for cervix patients depends on many parameters. Since the same PTV coverage was forced for both energies by having the same optimization constraints, there was little difference in target coverage and conformity index for both energies.
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    Classification, diagnosis of reversibility and severity assessment of patients having respiratory distress based on pulmonary function test
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-02) Ghosh, S; Gayen, P
    Introduction: Pulmonary function testing is the gold standard for physicians to diagnose and manage respiratory problems. An obstructive defect is indicated by low forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio, defined as less than 0.7 or below the fifth percentile. If an obstructive defect is present, the physician should determine if the disease is reversible based on the increase in FEV1 or FVC after bronchodilator treatment (i.e., increase of more than 12% and 200 ml in adults). An FVC below the fifth percentile indicates a restrictive pattern based on NHANES III data in adults. If both the FEV1/FVC ratio and the FVC are low, the patient has a mixed defect. Method: A total of 60 patients having respiratory distress, who attended chest OPD underwent a pulmonary function test. Results: In this study out of 60 patients, 32 patients had obstructive airway diseases with low FEV1/FVC (53.33%), 8 of them (13.33%) had restrictive lung diseases, ten patients(16.66%) had mixed features and rest ten patients(16.66%) had normal spirometry. Among those 32 patients of obstructive features, 22 (68.75%) had reversible airway diseases. Severity was measured among the other ten non-reversible obstructive patients according to the GOLD criteria. Conclusion: Pulmonary function test is the fundamental first-line investigation to diagnose obstructive and restrictive lung diseases and also to differentiate between reversible and non-reversible obstruction. It is also a vital tool for determining the severity among non-reversible obstructive airway patients.
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    Vitamin D3 effect on Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Northern Andhra Pradesh, India
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Sreedevi, P; Annaji, B; Sudheer, K; Venugopal, T
    Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder in diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a large dose of parenteral. Vitamin D on 24 hours albuminuria in T2DM patients. Methods: This prospective single-center study included 80 vitamin D deficient [25(OH) D <50 nmol/l] T2DM patients with an adequate glycemic control (HbA1c< 7.0%). Without any changes in anti-hyperglycemic or antihypertensive drugs, these patients were given a single high dose (600000 IU) of parenteral Vitamin D3. Then the changes in Vitamin D levels and 24 hours albuminuria were seen on follow up at 3 months. Results: Vitamin D3 supplementation improved 24 hours albuminuria. In the present study, Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion decreased from 210.4 ± 101.2 to 204.6 ± 104.5. In males, it changed from 221.8 ± 99.7 to 216.1 ± 100.3 and in females, it changed from 192.3 ± 108.5 to 186.7 ± 113.1. There was a negative association of albuminuria with Vit D levels in the present study. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly reduces 24-hour urinary albumin excretion in T2DM patients with Vitamin D3 deficiency.
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    Role of pleural biopsy in patients of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-06) Sanwalka, N; Kumar, R; Sanwalka, M
    Introduction: Sometimes etiological diagnosis of pleural fluid is not possible by cytology, biochemical and microbiological examinations and labeled as undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion. Our aim of this study to make an etiological diagnosis in such undiagnosed exudative cases with pleural biopsy. Material and method: In this study patients with undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion, where the diagnosis was not made by laboratory investigations were included. Pleural tissue was obtained by Abram’s Needle and sent for histopathology and culture to find mycobacterium tuberculosis. Result: Out of 45 patients 34 (75.5%) were males and 11 (24.5%) were females. The side of pleural effusion was right-sided in 30 (66.6%) and left-sided in 15 (33.4%). The mean value of polymorphs and lymphocytes count was 7.24% and 92.76% respectively. Pleural fluid was hemorrhagic in 10 (22.22%) patients, straw-colored in 30 (71.11%) patients, and clear in 5 (11.11%) patients. The mean level of glucose was 65.66 mg/dl, the lowest being nil and highest being 110 mg/dl. The mean level of protein was 5.54 gm/dl (range 3.7-7.21 gm/dl). The mean value of the pH of pleural fluid was 65.44. Histopathology showed granulomatous inflammation compatible with tuberculosis in 24 (53.3%) cases, metastatic malignancy in 7 (15.5%) cases, chronic inflammation in 10 (22.3%) cases. In 4 (8.9%) cases pleural tissue was inadequate to give any opinion. Among 7 cases of malignancy, 5 (71.42%) cases showed adenocarcinomas and 2 (28.58%) cases showed squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: This study suggests that tuberculosis and malignancy are the two common etiologies for exudative pleural effusion. The role of pleural biopsy is pivotal as it helps in making the diagnosis in the majority of cases where other laboratory investigations fail to provide a diagnosis.
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    A study to find the utility of MRI in the evaluation of painful hip joints
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) NVP, Vinay; Sudha, KJ; Vineela, ML; Chandra, TJ
    Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a valuable tool in the evaluation of hip disorders. With these, a study was conducted to assess the role of MRI in the early evaluation of painful hip joints. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. Patients presenting with acute or chronic hip pain pathology of all age groups, both gender who referred for MRI were included in the study. Imaging has been done with 1.5 Tesla Philips Achieva machines using abdominal surface coils and spine coils. Results: Out of the 30 participants, avascular necrosis was diagnosed in 46.6% (14) participants, joint effusion in 10% (3) cases, osteoarthritis (OA) in 4 (13.3%) cases, tuberculosis (TB) in 10% (3), 6.6% (2) each was diagnosed to be Perthe’s, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and metastasis, respectively. All the pathological findings were diagnosed using MRI also. Conclusion: MRI helps in the evaluation of the involvement of articular cartilage in the form of T2W hyperintensity. It also helps in the evaluation of soft tissue involvement along with the detection of bone marrow edema.
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    Impact of examination stress on response time in first-year medical students
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Singh, I; Singh, Y; Vikramaditya, B; Singh, S
    Background: Stress has been seen to deteriorate normal physiological functions as well as the psychological functions of the brain. Medical students face a range of enduring normative stressors in the form of academic demands. This brings upon an amount of stress on the students which is related to the examinations and concerns with achieving high grades consequently referred to as academic-related stress. Thus, it becomes crucial to set upon a tool for measuring this stress in order to present methods for overcoming it. In the present study, one such method is evaluated by assessing the reaction time of first-year medical entrants. Material and Methods: The effect of stress on response time in 50 normal healthy medical students of Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur in the age group of 18 to 21 years was explored in the study. Visual Reaction Time was recorded through the computer program. Results: There was an increase in visual reaction time for the red color in both the sexes during stressful situations as compared to stress-free situations. While a decrease in Visual Reaction Time was seen for green color. A decreased auditory reaction time for both sexes was seen in stressful situations. Conclusion: The results revealed that stress within a limit facilitates positive feedback to Central Nervous System information processing consequently decreasing the reaction time.
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    Practical guidance for healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic; with special emphasis on the care of cardiovascular patients and personal protection
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-06) Chugh, Y; Chugh, S; Chugh, S
    A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the COVID-19 pandemic. There are concerns regarding the spread of disease by asymptomatic carriers to healthcare workers who continue to see patients and to perform procedures on them. The infection then could be transmitted through them to other patients who eventually, could infect persons in the community. Further, limitations of existing tests to detect new cases that are negative early in the disease; and the inability to use appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE)also contribute to the spread of infection. This document, from the COVID-19 Working Group of Wellness and Radial Intervention Society, describes considerations for management and care of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with the concept of COVID 19 `designated` Vs. enabled` centers for those with symptoms of and/ or confirmed COVID-19 disease Vs. asymptomatic suspects. It also provides guidance to healthcare professionals, hospital administrators, and policymakers in general and to those managing patients with CV and other diseases, regarding the concept of `levels of personal protection` for staff; with suggestions for `equivalent innovative alternatives`, and a` protection plan` for patients to prevent the spread of disease. The guidance can also be broadly applied to surgical branches in general and to other specialties involved with invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive procedures such as gastroenterology, urology, anesthesiology, otolaryngology, and ophthalmology which carry a higher risk of exposure for healthcare professionals.
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    From allergy to labial abscess following a bee sting: A Case report
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-06) M, SB; S, NP; D-Shetty, C; M, DT; A, Sainath, S
    Arthropod bites are a common problem worldwide that are capable of inflicting injury, inciting allergic reactions, and transmitting systemic disease. Members of the Hymenoptera order in particular are of importance as they are nearly ubiquitous in nature and few such as bees, are also used for commercial purposes. These insects have stinging apparatus that deliver venom to the affected tissues during a bite. Hymenopteran venoms contain a mixture of proteins, peptides, and small organic molecules that produce varied effects. Stings from bees, wasps, and ants produce a wide array of clinical manifestations that can be local or systemic. Additionally, these stings may cause life-threatening allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis following a Hymenoptera sting is the most common serious systemic complication. Local reactions can be immediate or delayed. In a few instances, local or disseminated infections have also been reported following bee stings; although very rarely have proved fatal in severe cases. Infection rates are found to be higher in immunodeficiency states. Infections at site of a bee sting can result in the localized pustular lesion with peripheral induration or in severe cases deep necrotizing fascia infection with sepsis and multisystem organ failure. Here we report a case of a bee sting in the upper lip leading to the painful swelling with abscess formation successfully treated with antibiotics, incision, and drainage. Numerous mechanisms for infection in arthropod stings have been described; in our case report, we would like to highlight the importance of timely identification and appropriate management of the infections that may have a significant impact on the overall outcome.
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    Changes in Cardiovascular system among smokeless tobacco users attending tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Annaji, B; Sreedevi, P; Sudheer, K
    Background: Tobacco can be consumed as cigarettes and also as smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is a harmful tobacco product that contains over 3,000 chemicals, 7 including 28 known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Various forms of smokeless tobacco (mainly snuff and chewing tobacco) cause an immediate increase in heart rate and blood pressure. However, the relationship between smokeless tobacco uses on blood pressure remains unknown, especially in tertiary level hospitals. Our aim is to find out the smokeless tobacco use influence on cardiovascular parameters, for instance, pulse rate and blood pressure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess cardiovascular changes among adult male smokeless tobacco (ST) users. For this purpose, 50 male respondents were selected. The participants were selected from the medicine outpatient department of Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh. Pulse rate and blood pressure were measured and ST uses behavior was assessed using self-reports. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS20. Results: In this study, the mean (±SD) of pulse rate was 83.2±12.3 beats/min. The mean (±SD) of systolic blood pressure was 158.72±24.84 mm of Hg and the mean (±SD) of diastolic blood pressure was 98.78±9.87 mm of Hg in smokeless tobacco users. Conclusion: Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in smokeless tobacco users in the tertiary level hospital. However, the mean pulse rate was within the normal range.
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    Is there any association between vitamin D deficiency and anti-thyroid peroxidase positive hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional study
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-08) Shankar, M; Singh, M
    Background: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide and it is believed to have a role as an immune modulator. However, the association between vitamin D levels and anti-thyroid peroxidase positive (TPOAb) hypothyroidism is still controversial. Aim: To elucidate the association between vitamin D levels and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) positive hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: Serum Vitamin D, thyroid peroxidase antibody, and thyroid function test were measured in 105 patients, who were sub-grouped into the TPOAb positive and TPOAb negative hypothyroidism category. Results: Vitamin D level, was found significantly lower in patients with TPOAb positive hypothyroidism as compared to patients TPOAb negative hypothyroidism (13.275.18vs. 17.746.03ng/ml, respectively, P<0.05), as well as between patients with TPOAb positive hypothyroidism and control group (13.275.18vs. 29.669.41 ng/ml, respectively, P<0.05). Within the patients' group, there was a significant negative correlation between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D and TSH (r=−0.438, P<0.05), anti-TPO (r=−0.275, P<0.05). Furthermore, insignificant positive correlations were recorded between serum 25 (OH) vitamin D, and each of T3, T4 (r=–0.056, 0.097, P>0.05). Conclusion: The current study observed significant low levels of 25(OH)D3 in TPOAb positive hypothyroid patients.
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    Haematological toxicity in cancer cervix patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation by conventional technique- correlation with bone marrow radiation dose
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-06) Upadhyay, P; Kumar, P; Kumar, P; Garg, A; Chauhan, AK
    Introduction: The standard of care for treatment of cancer cervix is concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy in the majority of cases. Conventional radiotherapy with chemotherapy causes haematological toxicities which may be related to radiation to pelvic bone marrow. The present study aims to study the haematological toxicities and correlate with the mean dose to the bone marrow. Material and Methods: Retrospective data of cancer patients treated in the institute in the year 2019 was retrieved. Haematological toxicities were analyzed in terms of CTCAE criteria. Mean dose to bone marrow was calculated after the delineation in the CT scan. The correlation between haematological toxicity and mean bone marrow was done using a paired t-test for statistical significance. Results: The data of 20 patients were retrieved. Anaemia Grade, I and Grade II-IV was seen in 65% and 35% respectively. Leukopenia Grade I and Grade II-IV were seen in 85% and 15% respectively and Lymphopenia Grade I and Grade II-Iv were seen in 55% and 45% respectively. The mean dose to bone marrow did not show any statistical significance with the severity of haematological toxicity. There was no Grade II-IV toxicity of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Conventional radiotherapy can safely be practice for patients with cancer cervix with acceptable haematological toxicities.
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    A study to find the various causes for compressive myelopathy
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-06) Krishna-Mohan, P; Sudha, KJ; Anvitha, M; Chandra, TJ
    Introduction: Myelopathy was the term that describes any neurologic defect related to the spinal cord. A study was conducted to evaluate various causes of compressive myelopathy and also MR characterization of spinal cord compressive lesions. Materials and Methods: It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry from December 2014 to August 2016. All patients referred to the department of radiology with symptoms of compressive myelopathy of the spine were included. Pre-contrast scanning was done using TiWI, T2WI, FLAIR Sagittal, STIR sagittal. A Chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance, P > 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: During the study period total of 30 participants were included, spinal TB was diagnosed to be the most common cause of myelopathy (13; 43.3%) Extradural myelopathy was diagnosed in 23 (76.6%) participants and intradural in 7 (23.3%) members. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the age and cause for myelopathy and also between the gender. Conclusion: The most common cause of compressive myelopathy was identified to be extradural compression form TB followed by trauma. Spinal TB was the commonest site involved. In spine injury, the common site involved was the thoracic.
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    Achievement of the Ancient Hindu way of Propagation of Education and suggestion of incorporation of some of the methods in the teaching of the modern Medical Education in India: Look back to go forward
    (Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society, 2020-04) Ganguly, NN
    The great Author F. Max Muller said that if written scripts were not invented the Indian scholars would have retained the treasure house of the knowledge of the Hindus in their memory even today with the same efficiency as of today’s written world of knowledge. The question appears here is what went wrong? Why the students cannot be taught how to learn a vast amount of literature as efficiently as the Hindus did for 9 millennia and more.Medical science is progressing in a quick stride. The amount of research materials being updated daily is very high. Expectations of patients and their attendants are also increasing day by day. The modern-day treating Doctors need to be aware of more things today than a hundred years back. The studies show that many patients may suffer from death or complications if their treating Doctors are not learned enough. It cannot be overemphasized that a learned Healer is way better than one who is half learned. The present-day experimentation with the teaching methods of the medical subjects needs to be revisited, at least in India. The experimentation of teaching the teachers in newer teaching methods and the introduction of the ATCOM module may or may not bear fruit. The involvement of non-treating faculties in imparting crucial parts of teaching like attitudes and communications in the hospital high tension areas will not be successful. Just the way a great Chef cannot train a Sniper, the same way this will surely fail. The proper person at a proper teaching position should be followed. A short advanced course in Medical Education, A short Fellowship or publication of few papers on education will not convert a Nontreating faculty equivalent to the faculty of Surgery. Theoretically, it sounds good,but in reality, it probably won’t work. The students would bein confusion. How can a teacher who has never faced a murderous mob or faced an intra-operative death or even diagnose a patient to cure him/her would teach how to behave in such scenarios? In such chaos, we thought of looking back on the historical aspects of the ancient medical education system and see if the great wisdom of the Hindu civilization can be utilized to improve the present Medical education system in India.It cannot be denied that the ancient Hindus had a system of Medicine far superior to whatever existed in the west.Great treatises were written in later times. These were learned and remembered by the students quite efficiently. The students often raised the standards to higher than those of their teachers. Such an efficient system needs to be paid attention to and if possible initiate some steps to bring back the great and lost glory of the system of medicine in practice. Teachers of the ancient period were known by the names of Acharya, Upadhyay, Charakas, and Guru.The learning methods were Storytelling, Memorization, hands-on methods, Critical analysis, Seminar, and finally Question – Answer sessions.The great Sushruta, maintained that Surgery was the most important subject of all. It was considered the first and foremost of the medical subjects. Maybe this should be looked into and Surgeons are brought in to take care of the higher medical education programs to make the teaching of the Higher medical learning strong and efficient.In this work, we tried to focus on such steps, which is incorporated in the education system of modern medical science in India, should improve the quality of the students. As a result, they will be better healers, and lives will be saved.