Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination in Children Population of Nepal During the year 2005, 2006 and 2008.
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Date
2009-07
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Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is caused by a Flavivirus that, in a proportion of human cases, causes severe
encephalitis leading to death or sometimes permanent disablement. It is a zoonotic disease, transferred
from animals (commonly pigs or wild birds) by a mosquito vector to humans. In Southeast Asia it is
thought to cause up to 50000 clinical cases and 10000 deaths per year. JE vaccination programme was
carried out in high risk districts of Nepal. Japanese encephalitis vaccination was carried out during the
years 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009. The data collected from primary and secondary sources from the
District Health Offices and other concerned central offices of the Department of Health Services, was
tabulated and analysed. Thirty-five lakh of JE vaccine doses was procured by the Ministry of Health during
the year 2006/2007. This vaccine was used in children under 15 years of age of 12 districts of JE risk and
high-risk areas of Nepal. It was found that during the year 2005; 85% children in Banke and 81% in Kailali
were vaccinated against JE. In Kailali and Banke districts it was found to be about 103% coverage in
children population targeted, in Dang district it was 100% coverage, and in Bardiya district it was 73%
coverege but in Rupandehi and Kanchanpur districts it was only about 40% and 41% respectively. JE
vaccine coverage was very low in two Rupandehi and Kanchanpur districts during 2005 and 2006 and
very high coverage during the year 2008. JE vaccination coverage results for the year 2009 have not
been made available yet due to unavailability of data. This type of mass vaccination campaign needs
regularlity, mass awareness and health education programme should be carried out before JE vaccination
campaign in the children in the future.
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Keywords
Japanese Encephalitis, flavivirus, zoonotic, vector borne, lyophilized vaccine
Citation
Joshi D D. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination in Children Population of Nepal During the year 2005, 2006 and 2008. Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society. 2009 Jul-Dec; 29(2): 85-91.