Bioconcentration and phytotoxicity of chromium in Eichhornia crassipes.
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Date
2009-07
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Abstract
Physico-chemical parameter and metal concentration in effluents of two industries i.e. Tannery industry, Jajmau, Kanpur and
Electroplating industry, Scooter India Limited (SIL), Lucknow were determined to assess the toxicity of chromium. Metal accumulation in
Eichhornia crassipes growing in these contaminated sites were also determined. For laboratory toxicity testing the plants were exposed to
nutrient solution containing Cr concentration ranging from 0.01-10 μg ml-1 for 24-96 hr. Accumulation of chromium was observed to be
dependent on its concentration and time of exposure and was greater in roots (789.3 mg g-1 d.wt.) than in leaves (335.6 mg g-1 d.wt.) after
96 hr at 10 μg ml-1 concentration. Under field conditions the accumulation of Cr was 1258 and 733.3 in roots and 94 and 53 μg g-1 d.wt. in
leaves of E. crassipes growing in Jajmau, Kanpur tanning industry and SIL effluents, respectively. It was found that lower doses (0.01-0.1
μg ml-1) of chromium had stimulatory effect on various metabolic activities in plants including chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, protein,
nitrate reductase and mitotic index. Whereas higher doses of chromium had inhibitory effect. The carotenoid content and number of
micronuclei was found directly proportional to the concentration of chromium and increased with increase in concentration of chromium to
which plants were exposed. It may be concluded from the present study that E. crassipes is tolerant to the elevated Cr concentration as
there is no inhibition of chlorophyll and carotenoid upto 0.1 μg ml-1 at 24 and 48 hr exhibiting phytotoxicity at higher concentration. Therefore,
E. crassipes may be used as bioassay for biomonitoring and control of Cr pollution in the environment.
Description
Keywords
Eichhornia crassipes, Chromium, Phytoremediation, Biomonitoring
Citation
Mishra Kumkum, Gupta Kiran, Rai Upendra Nath. Bioconcentration and phytotoxicity of chromium in Eichhornia crassipes. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2009 July; 30(4): 521-526.