Effects of hydroquinone on retinal and vascular cells in vitro.
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Date
2012-05
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Abstract
Aim:
To explore the molecular pathophysiology that might explain the epidemiologic association between cigarette smoke and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by examining the effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a toxic compound present in high concentration in cigarette smoke-related tar, on human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19), rat retinal neurosensory cells (R-28), and human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC).
Materials and Methods:
ARPE-19, R-28, and HMVEC were treated for 24 h with four different concentrations of HQ (500 μM, 200 μM, 100 μM, 50 μM). Cell viability, caspase-3/7 activation, DNA laddering patterns, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were analyzed.
Results:
At 50 μM HQ, R-28 cells showed a significant decrease in cell viability compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated controls. At the 100–500 μM concentrations, all three cell lines showed significant cell death (P < 0.001). In the ARPE-19, R-28, and HMVEC cultures, the caspase-3/7 activities were not increased at any of the HQ concentration.
Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the mechanism of cell death in all three cell lines was through non-apoptotic pathway. In addition, neuroretinal R-28 cells were more sensitive to HQ than the ARPE-19 and HMVEC cultures.
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Keywords
Apoptosis, caspase-3/7, cigarette smoke toxicant, hydroquinone
Citation
Sharma Ashish, Patil Jayaprakash A, Gramajo Ana L, Seigel Gail M, Kuppermann Baruch D, Kenney Cristina M. Effects of hydroquinone on retinal and vascular cells in vitro. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2012 May; 60(3): 189-193.