Abuse against women in pregnancy: a population-based study from Eastern India.
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Date
2012-04
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
Abstract
Background: Violence against women is widely recognized as an important public health problem.
However, the magnitude of the problem among pregnant women is not well known in several parts
of India. Hence, the prevalence and characteristics associated with various forms of domestic
violence against women in pregnancy were studied in Eastern India.
Methods: A population-based cross-sectional sample survey covering married women with a
history of at least one full-term pregnancy (n 1525) was carried out in the Orissa, West Bengal and
Jharkhand states of India. Interviews were conducted using a pre-piloted structured questionnaire
to inquire about physical, psychological and sexual domestic violence. Data on socioeconomic
characteristics and behaviours were also collected. The association of independent variables with
domestic violence were examined by using logistic regression models.
Results: The prevalence of physical, psychological and sexual domestic violence during a recent
pregnancy was found to be 7.1%, 30.6% and 10.4% respectively, and the lifetime prevalence
during all pregnancies was 8.3%, 33.4% and 12.6% respectively. Urban living, higher maternal
age and husbands’ alcoholism were the factors associated with domestic violence in pregnancy.
Women belonging to lower social groups were less likely to have physical domestic violence. Factors
such as higher prevalence of undesirable behaviours like denying adequate rest and diet, demand
for more sex, not providing antenatal care and pressure for male child were also associated with
domestic violence in pregnancy.
Conclusions: Considerable proportions of women experience some type of domestic violence during
pregnancy. Health-care providers should be able to recognize and respond to pregnant women’s victimization and refer them for appropriate support and care.
Description
Keywords
Violence, pregnancy, retrospective, cross-sectional, survey, India
Citation
WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health 2012; 1(2): 133-143.