HPV & HPV vaccination: Issues in developing countries.
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Date
2009-09
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Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer in women worldwide causing most cancer related
deaths in women in developing countries including India. The most predominant etiological factor for
cervical cancer is persistent infection of certain high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs),
while low-risk types are associated with benign cervical lesions and genital warts. In India, the most
common (98%) oncogenic types are HPV types 16 and 18 with HPV 16 exclusively (80-90%) prevalent.
Two recently developed virus-like particle (VLP) based prophylactic HPV vaccines, quadrivalent
Gardasil (HPV 16/18/6/11) and Cervarix (HPV 16/18) offer great promise. Several other therapeutic
vaccines are also in clinical trials and are yet to establish their efficacy. The use of already developed
VLP vaccines in resource-poor regions is limited by several factors, most importantly the high cost of the
vaccine. Therefore efforts are being made in India to develop cost-effective second-generation vaccines.
Besides cost, there are several socio-cultural and ethical issues involved with the implementation of
already developed vaccines including the acceptability of HPV vaccination by preadolescent girls and their parents in India.
Description
Keywords
Cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), issues in India, prophylactic vaccines, therapeutic vaccines
Citation
Bharadwaj Mausumi, Hussain Showket, Nasare Vilas, Das Bhudev C. HPV & HPV vaccination: Issues in developing countries. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2009 Sept; 130(3): 327-333.