Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research
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Item Thai Families’ Caring Practices for Infants with Congenital Heart Disease prior to Cardiac Surgery(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Arunrat Srichantaranit; Ratanawadee Chontawan; Jarrassri Yenbut; Lynne Ray; Duangmanee Laohaprasittiporn; Suthep WanitkunThis focused ethnographic study aimed at exploring how the Thai sociocultural context influenced the perceptions and practices of Thai families caring for infants, 3 months to 17 months, with symptomatic, acyanotic or cyanotic, congenital heart disease (CHD), prior to cardiac surgery. Purposive sampling was used to recruit twelve parents and two family members, from eight families, who brought their infant with a CHD, to two university hospitals in Bangkok. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations and field notes, from September 2006 to October 2007, and analyzed through use of content analysis.Family care practices were characterized by the phrase: “doing our best to get our child ready for surgery.” Families understood their infants may not survive and would be difficult to care for. All the infants required pharmacological management, followed by surgery, and needed weight gain and strength to withstand and recover from surgery. Families prevented their children from getting worse, as well as managed their respective infant’s care under significant constraints.Findings indicated the families’ perceptions and practices were influenced by the socio-cultural contexts, which included Buddhist teachings, cultural beliefs, financial constraints, hospital services, and support from family members and significant others. The results provided health professionals with an understanding of perspectives and practices of Thai families providing care, prior to surgery, for infants with CHD, and highlighted the context-dependent nature of family care and need for new and creative ways to provide culturally congruent professional care.Item Development of a Model of Family Management for Overweight Prevention in Urban Thai Preschoolers(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Somsamai Rattanagreethakul; Punyarat Lapvongwatana; Weena Thiangtham; Rachanee Sunsern; Patricia C. McMullenThe aim of this investigation was to develop, using Ecological Systems Theory (EST) as a contextual framework to determine influencing factors and desired outcomes, a family management model to prevent preschoolers from becoming overweight. A three-phase participatory action research (PAR) design was implemented with stakeholders in a public primary school in Thailand. In the first phase, 327 families with preschoolers were assessed, by way of a self-administered questionnaire, about factors that influence weight gain. The second phase consisted of two workshops, involving 59 stakeholders, and home visits to 27 families conducted for the purpose of developing the model. The final phase evaluated the effects of the model. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A repeated measure ANOVA was performed to analyze the quantitative data, while content analysis was utilized to evaluate the qualitative data. A three component model (family, school and public health) for family management of overweight prevention in urban preschoolers emerged. The family component consisted of: a) family management processes: preparing a family’s readiness, acting or managing behaviors, and observing and modifying behaviors; and, b) family essential elements: perceptions and concerns about their preschooler’s body shape, nutritional knowledge and skills, participation and consensus. The school component consisted of networking among school organizations, while the public health component involved public health nurses, from the district, who provided school health services and served as co-investigators. Overall, based upon the spiral characteristics of the PAR process, the following procedural steps evolved: 1) preparing the participants; 2) organizing the family management; 3) sharing and promoting knowledge and experiences; and, 4) forming the network. The model may enhance parents’ knowledge and skills of feeding practices, as well as improve preschoolers’ health behaviors. Fifteen families, through application of the model, were able to maintain their preschoolers’ healthy weight. Use of the model reduced the prevalence of overweight from 16.5% to 13.8 %. The keys to success were derived from strong family participation in the PAR process and collaborating with school officials to enhance sustainability of the model. Therefore, networking of families, schools and public health nurses are important.Item Development of Thai Nurses’ Caring Behavior Scale(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Suphaphon Udomluck; Ouyporn Tonmukayakul; Sujitra Tiansawad; Wichit SrisuphanThis study aimed to develop a Thai nurses’ caring behavior scale and test its psychometric properties. Construction of the Thai Nurses’ Caring Behavior Scale (TNCBS) consisted of two phases. Phase I involved identifying the meaning and dimensions of Thai nurses’ caring behaviors; generating an item pool; providing the format for measurement; review of items for content validity by experts; testing for internal consistency and stability; and, examining face validity. Information from these activities lead to development of a 63 item instrument, consisting of 6 dimensions (effective communication; respect; support; being with; doing for; and, utilizing professional knowledge and skills), that used a 4 point Likert-like format response pattern. Phase II involved testing the psychometric properties of the TNCBS. Seven hundred and fifty eight professional nurses from 10 institutions, including one university teaching hospital, two regional hospitals, three general hospitals and four community hospitals, responded to the 63 item scale. Explanatory factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to analyze the scale’s construct validity and found to be acceptable. Due to redundancy of some items, the final version of the TNCBS was reduced to 57 items. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the overall scale was 0.98 and that of the six subscales was 0.86 to 0.93. The results indicated acceptable validity and reliability of the final version of the scale.Item Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction among Older Thai Women with Knee Osteoarthritis(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Pinthusorn Pattayakorn; Somchit Hanucharurnkul; Jean Goeppinger; Thavatchai Vorapongsathorn; Porntip Malathum; Thanainit ChotanaphutiThis study aimed to examine causal relationships among disease severity, social support, socioeconomic status, self-efficacy and life satisfaction of older Thai women with knee osteoarthritis. The theoretical framework was derived from Braden’s self-help theory and review of the literature. A sample of 430 older Thai women with knee osteoarthritis was recruited from the orthopedic clinics of three hospitals (university, military and private). Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine a hypothesized model. The final model fit the empirical data and explained 44% and 22% of variance in life satisfaction and self-efficacy, respectively. Results indicated: (1) greater disease severity was related to lower self-efficacy andlife satisfaction; (2) greater social support was related to greater self-efficacy and life satisfaction; (3) relationships between disease severity and life satisfaction, and between social support and life satisfaction, were mediated by self-efficacy; (4) greater socioeconomic status was related to greater life satisfaction; (5) greater disease severity was related to lower socioeconomic status; and, (6) social support was positively correlated with socioeconomic status. These findings: 1) provide an increased understanding of life satisfaction among older Thai women with knee osteoarthritis; and, 2) suggest the salience of enhancing such individuals’ life satisfaction through intervention programs that emphasize self-efficacy specific to osteoarthritis management, as well as social support through family participation.Item Family Strength in Caring for a Stroke Survivor at Home(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Nipa Niyomthai; Ouyporn Tonmukayakul; Tipaporn Wonghongkul; Paungpayom Panya; Chawapornpan ChanprasitThis hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the meaning of family strength when caring for a stroke member at home. Family strength is considered to be the competency of a family when faced with a stressful life event that can be viewed through a continuous man-environmental interaction process. Six family units were purposively recruited and screened using the Family Hardiness Index (four with high-level of hardiness, and two with moderate-level of hardiness). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations and field notes, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. Findings revealed families with high-hardiness continuously strove to overcome caregiving hardships and had hope for the stroke member’s long existence, while families with moderate-hardiness demonstrated less effort to overcome caregiving hardships and held no hope for the stroke member’s long existence. Primary caregivers among families with high-hardiness revealed more self-development incarer role than did those of families with moderate-hardiness. Families with high-hardiness shared caregiving and family task responsibilities, while families with moderate-hardiness lacked collaboration regarding caregiving and family tasks. In addition, family strength emerged from families overcoming caregiving hardships through: hope for the stroke member’s long existence; development, accumulated experiences of “can do” family members; and, establishment of shared caregiving and family task responsibilities. Consideration of views and abilities of the family unit to provide homecare for a stroke member can enhance nurses’ understanding of different developmental experiences of home caregiving families. In addition, such knowledge can facilitate adoption of meaningful nursing interventions to support the families.Item Validity and Reliability of the Modified Thai Adolescent’s Physical Activity Questionnaire(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Pissamai Wattanasit; Ladawan Prateepchaikul; Wongchan Petpichetchian; Janet C. Meininger; Kallaya KijboonchooThis study sought to determine the validity and reliability of a self-report instrument, the Modified Thai Adolescent’s Physical Activity Questionnaire (MTAPAQ). Concurrent validity was assessed using 40 secondary school Thai adolescents (17 males and 23 females), who wore an ActiGraph accelerometer, during their waking hours for seven consecutive days. The students completed the MTAPAQ upon completion of the recording period. Reliability was evaluated using 30 secondary school Thai adolescents (12 males and 18 females) who completed the MTAPAQ by recalling their physical activities during the previous seven days, on two separate occasions that were three days apart.A significant correlation was found between the Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks (MET-mins), as determined by the MTAPAQ, and log (10) transformed activity counts, as determined by the ActiGraph accelerometer. The test-retest reliability, of the two administrations of the MTAPAQ, was found to be significant. The findings provide evidence of an acceptable level of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the MTAPAQ for use with Thai adolescents.Item A New Beginning(Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2010-04-03) Clinton E. Lambert; Vickie A. Lambert; Somchit HanucharurnkulNot available