Khon Kaen University Dental Journal

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    Case study of an instructional design for seminar in oral and maxillofacial surgery, postgraduate program 2006, faculty of dentistry, Khon Kaen Univerisity
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Sajee Sattayut
    This study aimed to develop the instructional design for postgraduate students in seminar courses in oral and maxillofacial surgery I and II covering academic skills on reading, analyzing and searching related literatures, presenting, discussing and synthesizing the literature- data for application and writing academic article in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The instructional design based on co-operative and project based learning concepts was developed.  The teaching techniques comprised deduction, induction, small group discussion and self-study. The courses were implemented to 5 postgraduate students enrolling into seminar in oral and maxillofacial surgery I and II in the first semester (1 hour/week) and the second semester (2 hours/week) in 2006, respectively.  The formative evaluation with authentic assessment was undertaken.  The results of this design were evaluated from the academic grading, descriptive data from the in depth interview of the students by the researcher not in the teaching team and the numbers of academic papers published by the students in 2 years after graduated.  The outcome of the courses included 4 academic articles from 4 students and 1 research proposal from 1 student.  From the in depth interview showed that the students appreciated the co-operative and project based learning enhancing their confidence and ability of searching and synthesizing the literatures and writing academic article or research proposal in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Two students were graded into very good to excellent levels while the other 3 students were in the excellent level.  For 2 years after graduation, there have been 2 review literatures and 1 research article, from 3 former students, published in the national dental journals. In conclusion, the instructional design based on co-operative and project based learnings can develop the skills of searching, synthesizing the literatures and writing the academic articles in oral and maxillofacial surgery.  
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    Immediate Loading Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdenture on mini-implant : a Case Report
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Ungkana Leethochawalit
                    Most edentulous patients who wear complete dentures have problems of easily dislodgement of lower dentures caused by poor retention, instability owing to severe resorption of alveolar ridge leading to poor masticatory ability and function of dentures.  Immediate loaded implant-retained mandibular overdenture can improve the retention and stability of lower complete dentures, these patients will be able to use their complete denture with full efficiently.  The purpose of this article was to provide an alternative treatment in patients with complete lower dentures fabricating of the complete denture to dentists.  This case report demonstrated the utilization of immediate loaded implant-retained mandibular overdenture.  Two reduced size single stage dental implants with ball attachments were placed in the anterior parts of the mandible the matrices were fixed at the tissue side of the denture base.  The denture was immediately fixed to the implant ball abutments.  The patient could use his old denture in full function after the operation. 6 months follow up showed good stability of both implants and denture.  The technique rendered simple and cost effective with good success leading to high patient’s acceptance
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    Bacterial reduction compared betweeninstrumentation with K3TM rotary file andstainless steel K-file
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Pattama Chailertvanitkul
    The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in teeth instrumented either with K3 rotary files or stainless steel hand K files. One hundred and ninety-one extracted human single-rooted teeth were cut to obtain the root length of 15 millimeters. These roots were coated with 2 layers of nail varnish, sterilized and allocated into 2 experimental groups (187 teeth), the positive control group (2 teeth) and the negative control group (2 teeth). Roots in the experimental groups and the positive control group were inoculated with E. faecalis in Todd–Hewitt broth at concentration 0.5 McFarland for 14 days. Two roots in the negative control group were not inoculated. In the experimental groups, ninety-two canals were instrumented using K3 rotary files with crown-down technique and ninety-five canals were instrumented using stainless steel hand K files with step-back technique until the master apical file was sized 30. Two roots in the positive control group were not instrumented. After instrumentation, each canal was dried, filled with 10 microliters of Todd–Hewitt broth and kept in 37OC for 24 hours under 100% humidity. The content in each canal was soaked up with a sterile paper point, transferred into Todd-Hewitt broth and incubated at 37OC for 24 hours. The presence of micro-organisms was evaluated by the turbidity of the broth. If the broth was turbid, aliquots of 25 microliters were spread onto a blood agar plate and incubated at 37OC for 24 hours. Characteristic colonies of E. faecalis on plates were observed and confirmed by inoculation in bile esculin agar and 6.5% sodium chloride solution. The colony of E. faecalis changed bile esculin agar into black color and the sodium chloride solution became turbid. The results showed that K3 files reduced E. faecalis 64.13% (95%CI: 53.45%-73.86%) of the tested teeth whilst K-files reduced E. faecalis 62.1% (95%CI: 51.57%-71.86%) of the tested teeth. There was no statistically significantly difference in the ability to reduce E. faecalis between the two instrumentation techniques (Chi-square test, p \> 0.05). Keywords: Enterococcus faecalis / Rotary instrument
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    Pediatric Dental Treatment for Adams-Oliver Syndrome : A case report Authors
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Khemporn Kitsahawong
                    Adams-Oliver Syndrome is a rare disease that consists of congenital defects of skull, scalp, skin, hair, eye, limbs, blood vessel, septo-valvular heart disease, mental retardation, cleft lip and palate. All of these provide various psychological problems to the parents and their families with psycho-social problems to the patients. Multidisciplinary approaches are necessarily to solve all of these complicated problems at each appropriate time. So as the pediatric dentists who play an important roles to provide comprehensive dental treatments and preventive oral health care for the patients and their parents. Key words: Adams-Oliver Syndrome, Dental treatment.
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    Diabets mellitus and oral health
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Watcharaporn Senson
    Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is not completely curable and its prevalencehas been increasing. The purpose of disease management is to keep blood sugar levels as closeto normal as possible to prevent disease complications. Acute and chronic medical complications ofdiabetes mellitus include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, compromisedimmune system, retinopathy, nephropathy and oral health. Evidence from research studieshas indicated that diabetes mellitus was associated with oral diseases and tooth loss. Prevalenceand severity of oral complications may be related to metabolic control, type of diabetes mellitus andbehavior of patients. Therefore, preventing oral complications is important to help improve quality oflife and oral health care and to decrease tooth loss. This article reviews diabetes associated withmedical and oral health complications including gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidiasis, and toothloss in patient with diabetes mellitus Keyword : Diabetes mellitus/ Complications of diabetes mellitus/ Oral disease/ Tooth loss.
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    Relationship between periodontal treatment and production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from monocyte of chronic periodontitis patients
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Doodadee Homdee
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal treatment and production of interlukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by circulating monocytes. Thirty-six systemically healthy subjects, who diagnosed as chronic periodontitis, were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was obtained from every subject at 5 different phases; before treatment, immediately after treatment and 1, 3 and 6 months post-treatment. The treatment was using one of the periodontal-treatment methods which have clinical reported about reducing inflammation and bacterial amount throughout the 6 months after treatment.                 All subjects had shown significant improvement in clinical parameters after treatment. When data was analyzed, based on total number of monocytes in peripheral blood and production, there was no difference in the number of monocytes and the total leukocytes from the periods of treatment. Spontaneous production of both interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from the monocytes obtained before the treatment was significantly greater than those obtained at the follow up periods. Furthermore, the interleukin-6, stimulated with interleukin-1 at before treatment, which produced by monocytes was also significantly greater than those obtained at 1 and 3 months after treatment. The present study suggests that periodontal inflammation may activate circulating monocytes, and such activation could be reduced by the periodontal therapy.
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    Technical management of dental fluorosis
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Bongkoch Petsongkram
    This clinical report presented two patients who had dental fluorosis due to fluoride overexposure. The treatment plan were suggested to the new esthetic management by using Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP, Tooth Mousse®) after appropriate preparation of the enamel surface by microabrasion in the first patient and daily self application with Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate in the second patient. Six months after treatment, the enamel surfaces of upper incisors present greatly improved. The enamel surfaces show shiny and smooth texture without abnormal coloration and symptomatic. The result of treatment were satisfied for both patients and dentist.   Key words: dental fluorosis/ Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate / CPP-ACP
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    Effect of dilution of 5% vinegar on Candida albicans
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Danai Yodsuwan
    The study of effect of dilution of 5% vinegar and soaking time to reduction of the colony-formings of Candidia albicans was done. One hundred and eighty heat cured acrylic plates size of 2 mm x 7 mm x 2 mm (N=180) were contaminated with Candidia albicans. The samples were separated into 10 set of 18. Nine plates of each set were soaked separately in 9 test groups, distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 5% vinegar, 5% vinegar diluted with distilled water 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 for 1 minute and the other nine for 3 minutes. The grossly adherent cells of Candidia albicans on the samples were removed by phosphate buffer saline solution. Then the samples were vibrated in phosphate buffer saline solution for 1 minute. These phosphate buffer saline solutions were diluted and then incubated on Sabouraud agar at 37° C for 48 hours. The colonies were counted and statistic analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA. The result showed that 5% vinegar and 1:1-1:6 dilutions of vinegar reduced colony-forming units of Candidia albicans more than distilled water significantly (P-value
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    Endodontic Treatment in Taurodontism:
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Swaros Yuyuen
    Taurodontism can be defi ned as a change in tooth shape caused by the failure of Hertwig’sepithelial root sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. Taurodontic teeth have large pulpchambers and apically positioned furcation area along with absence of cervical constriction at the CEJ.Endodontic treatment of a taurodontic tooth is challenging, because it requires special managements inhandling and identifying the number of root canals, including access opening, mechanical instrumentationand root canal obturation. This case report presents root canal treatment of a mesotaurodonticmandibular leftfi rst molar with four root canals. A long term follow up of 18 years showed that thetooth functions normal without any symptoms.Keywords : Taurodontism, Endodontic treatment
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    The Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization : A Case Report
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Onauma Angwaravong
    Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) describes the clinical features of enamel hypomineralizationof one or morefi rst permanent molars that are frequently associated with affected incisors. Theprevalence of MIH varies among different studied population. The etiology of MIH remains unclear.Usually, patients and parents concern related to MIH include sensitivity, pain and esthetics. Thesedefects of the enamel varied from altered color to surface changes with rough, abraded or disintegratedenamel. The management of MIH depends on the severity of the enamel defect. The purpose of thisarticle is to describe prevalence, etiologic factors, features, diagnosis, dental management in MIH, aswell as report a case of MIH with dental caries.Key words: Enamel hypomineralization; Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization
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    Effect of filter water, 0.9% sterile normal saline solution and deionized water on the shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Angkana Klangthong
    The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different irrigation solutions on the shear bond\ strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel. Thirty extracted human-premolar teeth were selected and stored\ in thymol solution 0.01% weight/volume until the experiment was undertaken. Subsequently all samples were embedded\ in autopolymerizing acrylic resin with the buccal surface exposure. All specimens were divided randomly into\ three groups according to irrigation solutions; filter water, 0.9% sterile normal saline and deionized water. The\ enamel surface of all specimens were etched with 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed with the assigned irrigation solution,\ dried to a chalky white appearance. Then the UniteTM adhesive primer was applied and gentlely dried. Brackets were\ bonded with self cure adhesive paste (3M-Unitekา) and loaded pressure with Dontrixา at 300 N with forces. The\ specimens were undertaken thermocycling for 24 hours with 500 cycles of 5 oC and 55 oC in controlled humidity\ chamber. The specimens were loaded by the universal testing machine at speed 1 mm/min, Load cell 30 KN, Load axis\ 400 N. The failure loads were recorded in Megapascal. The results showed that the median shear bond strengths for\ the groups irrigation with filter water, 0.9% normal saline and deionized water were 12.91 Mpa (percentile 25, 75 =\ 12.03, 14.21) , 14.51 Mpa (percentile 25, 75 = 12.50, 17.18) and 14.51 MPa (percentile 25, 75 = 12.01, 16.53),\ respectively. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test results P= 0.231. The conclusion was no significant\ differences in the shear bond strengh between the three irrigation solutions.
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    Impacted Maxillary Central Incisor : Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Management. A Case Report
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Saranya Suksuphew
    An impacted maxillary permanent incisor can pose a problem for children at an early age. This impacted incisor is usually diagnosed accurately when there is delayed eruption. In this article, the impacted permanent incisor was placed into the proper position by means of surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. The treatment resulted in a clinically ideal appearance.   Keywords : Impacted maxillary permanent incisor, Orthodontic traction
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    Comparison of surface hardness, surface roughness and debris retention of dentoform tooth and replacement materials
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Duangduan Chamchong
               The objective of this study was to compare surface hardness, surface roughness and debris retention of dentoform tooth with alternative materials. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 15/group): dentoform tooth, 50% wt. alumina filled epoxy resin (50%Al) , group3 = 60% wt. alumina filled epoxy resin (60%Al), 70% wt. alumina filled epoxy resin (70%Al)  and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The vickers hardness was measured by using digital microhardness tester. Surface roughness of each cut surface was measured by using contact stylus tracing profilometer. Areas of debris retention on each cutting bur were investigated under stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA revealed the highest vickers hardness (57.04 VHN) the lowest surface roughness value (3.98 µm) and  the lowest debris retention  (0.064 mm2) in dentoform group  when compared to other groups with a statistically significant difference (p
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    Study of fibroblast adhesion on RGD-modified electrospun Thai silk fibroin nanofiber for scaffold material in Dentistry: A preliminary study
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Teerasak Damrongrungruang
    Silk fibroin is gaining interest as a novel scaffold for regeneration. The fabrication of nanofibers using an electrospinning technique is one of the most promising means of fabricating for Tissue engineering. RGD (arg-gly-asp) sequence, a novel cell adhesion molecule, is a candidate for silk surface modification to improve cell adhesion. The purposes of this study were: 1 to optimize the concentration of silk fibroin solution in order to fabricate the electrospun Thai silk fibroin nanofibers, 2 to fabricate RGD-modified electrospun Thai silk fibroin nanofibers and 3 to compare adhesion of human gingival fibroblast cell line between RGD- and non-RGD modified electrospun nanofibers. Materials and methods: fibroin protein was extracted from Thai (Bombyx mori) Nangnoi srisaket-I domestic silk cocoons. It was dialyzed and lyophilized, and 98% formic acid was used to dissolve the fibroin powder to yield 22.5, 23.5, 25, 27.5 and 30% w/v solutions. Electrospinning was performed under 9-12 kV, 10 mA with a syringe tip to collector distance of 12 cm, and loading rate of 0.5 mL/hr. Then RGD was incorporated onto the nanofiber surfaces using covalent coupling method. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the electrospun nanofibers. Finally, a cell adhesion assay was performed. Results: Silk fibroin solution concentrations of 22.5%, 23.5%, 25%, 27.5% and 30% w/v produced the average fiber diameters of 284.20±165.92 nm, 298.91±71.78 nm, 395.34±140.26 nm, 494.7±113.39 and 601.5±157.37 nm respectively. The optimal concentration, which produced continuous and uniform fibers, was 23.5% w/v. High performance liquid chromatography assay demonstrated that electrospun Thai silk fibroin nanofibers could be successfully modified with RGD. The RGD-modified nanofibers had a significantly higher cell number compared with conventional ones. Thus after optimum modification, we may use Thai silk fibroin-derived scaffold as a candidate for Tissue engineering in Dentistry.
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    Oral health and its impact on quality of life of the elderly
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Kanitha Chaiprakarn
    Number of elderly people in Thailand is increasing very rapidly. It is expected that Thailand will be soon facing an era of “aging population”. Old age is the period of obvious change in both the physical and mental capacities which results in many inevitable health problems. Old people usually are subject to various illnesses and diseases both communicable and non-communicable. Oral health is an essential component of health associated with physical, mental, social and quality of life. The oral health problems found in Thai elderly include periodontal diseases , dental caries, in particular root caries, and tooth loss. This article reviews definition of ageing and the situation of Thai aging population, the oral health problems in Thai elderly, factors influencing elderly oral health , affected quality of life and oral health related quality of life index.   Key words: aging, oral health, quality of life, Thailand
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    Knowledge and attitude of dental students towards student-centered learning at the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2011-01-24) Kultida Rugseelkunt
    This research aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards student-centered learning(SCL) among dental students enrolled in the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University during thefi rsttrimester of Academic Year 2005. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach’salpha=0.97) and presented with descriptive statistics. Two hundred and eighty-eight students (96.6%)responded to the questionnaire. The majority of students (47.9%) had a moderate level of knowledgeon SCL (scored between 9 and 12 out of 16) with an average of 11.9 (standard deviation=2.1).Females had higher knowledge scores than male counterpart. Students with better cumulative gradepoint average (GPAX) scored higher than did those with lower GPAX. Most students (81.3%) agreedthat SCL was a useful or somewhat useful teaching-learning method, but only 42.7 percent indicatedto like the approach. Moreover, a majority of 72.6% responded that SCL was not an appropriatemethod to use in the Faculty. Direct instruction was the most favorite teaching-learning method forthe majority of students (38.1%), while the lecture method was considered the best to help studentsin understanding the lessons (37.7%). In conclusion, dental students had satisfactory knowledge ofSCL, while the attitudes were somewhat mixed. Students also preferred a teacher-centered learningwith students playing a minor role in the educational process. Students and teachers should thereforework together to develop educational methods that effectively help them to achieve academic goalsand satisfying learning experience.Key words: dental students / knowledge / attitude / student-centered learning / lecture
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    Dedifferentiation
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Teerasak Damrongrungruang
    Besides ethical issues, the undesired effects such as carcinogenesis are the possible problems derived from using human embryonic stem cell (ES cell). Thus to avoid the above drawbacks in tissue substitution including teeth and oral tissues on tissue engineering principle, the technique so called dedifferentiation was introduced.  Adult somatic cells especially fibroblastic cells are subjected to transforming into embryonic-like stem cells by four crucial factors which are c-myc, oct3/4, sox-2 and klf-4. Such dedifferentiated cells have properties quite similar to embryonic stem cells which in possessing the capability to differentiate into many types of cells. This method could decrease the risk of utilizing embryonic stem cells and reduce the cost of stem cell therapy in the future; and may be one of the effective methods to substitute lost dental tissues Key word dedifferentiation, adult stem cells
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    Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures.
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Pattama Chailertvanitkul
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    A comparative study of surface characteristics between hydrogen peroxide etching and airborne aluminium oxide particle abrasion on fiber post
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Pitpern Chanatepaporn
    This study was to compare the effect of different surface treatment of fiber posts with different hydrogen peroxide concentration with various duration and airborne aluminium oxide particle abrasion on the morphological aspects of fiber post surface. Eight fiber posts (Aestheti-Plus; RTD, St. Egreve, France ) were divided into eight groups (one post per group). Group 1 no treatment (control); group 2,3,4 were etching with 24% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; group 5,6,7 were etching with 50% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; and group 8 were airborne abraded with aluminium oxide particle for 10 seconds. After surface treatment fiber posts were examined with scaning electron microscope to study the surface characteristics. Fiber posts which were treated with 24% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes and 50% hydrogen peroxide for 1 minute and 5 minutes were comparable in their efficacy to modify the fiber post surfaces. All fiber posts showed rough surfaces along the entire post length, but the underlying epoxy resin remained intact and exhibited no signs of cracking or damage. The exposed quartz fibers were not damaged or fractured by the oxidative reaction of hydrogen peroxide. However, the fiber post surface that were treated with 50% hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes or airborne aluminium oxide particle abrasion showed severe damage of the underlying epoxy resin and cracking of quartz fiber. 
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    Relationship between body mass index and gingivitis in secondary school children at demonstration school of Khon Kaen university
    (Khon Kaen University Dental Journal, 2010-11-03) Onauma Angwarawong
    This research enrolled in this cross-sectional study to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and gingivitis in adolescent at demonstration school of Khon Kean university from 180 subjects aged between 12-19 years old (mean 14.8 years). The subjects answered to questionnaire about general information. Oral examination recorded gingival bleeding index (GBI%), plaque index (PHP) and calculus index (CI) including assessment of nutritional status by determined body weight (kg) and height (cm) for calculated BMI (kg/m2). Multiple linear regression model was used to assess this association. This study found no statistically significant association of body mass index and gingivitis (p = 0.289) whereas the statistically significant association between gingivitis and calculus index and age was found in this study (p \< 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively).  In addition, the association between plaque index, gender, socioeconomic status of parent, frequency of brushing, cleansing aids, visiting dentist, eating, exercising and gingivitis showed no statistical significance (p  \>  0.05).