Browsing by Author "Singh, P."
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Item Analysis of heavy metals in water, sediment and selected fishes of River Sutlej, Punjab, India(Triveni Enterprises, 2019-05) Kaur, S.; Singh, P.; Bedi, J.S.; Hassan, S.S.Aim: The study aimed to assess the influence of heavy metal pollution in river Sutlej around the industrial city of Ludhiana. Methodology: Samples of water, sediment and commercially important selected fish species were collected before (S-1) and after (S-2) the confluence of Buddah Nallah in river Sutlej for the estimation of heavy matals using Atomic Absorption Mass Spectrometer, equipped with transverse graphite furnace tube for electro thermal determination of lead, copper, chromium and zinc. Results: he water, sediment and fish samples collected from the site, S-2 showed higher concentration of heavy metals compared site S-1. All the metals studied were found within the permissible limit of different National and International agencies, except for the lead which was found above the permissible limit in fish, Wallago attu. Interpretation: The results reveal that river Sutlej around Ludhiana city is under severe threat of pollution due to the discharge of industrial effluents from the Buddha NallahItem Drug adherence to anti-tubercular treatment during COVID-19 lockdown in Haldwani block of Nainital district(MRI Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022-12) Maroof, M; Pamei, G; Bhatt, M; Awasthi, S; Bahuguna, SC; Singh, P.Background: India saw one of the stringent lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the wake of this period, the normal functioning of medical services was affected. People were reluctant to seek medical attention and notification of Tuberculosis dipped. The aim of the study was to estimate the proportion of non-adherence to anti-tubercular treatment and to identify the factors affecting the non-adherence to treatment. Methods: A retrospective community-based study was conducted among 284 tuberculosis patients. They were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire consisting of WHO dimensions of non-adherence and lockdown related questions. Results: The proportion of non-adherence to treatment was found to be 5.3%. Factors like chronic diseases, depression, without knowledge on how the disease is transmitted and that medication can be discontinued once the symptoms subsided, alcohol consumption, and trouble accessing medicine were found to be the determining factors in non-adherence to the treatment. Conclusions: Non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in our study was low but the various dimensions of adherence along with lockdown related factors had significant impact on it. To further minimize non-adherence during emergency like the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic, corrective measures must be explored and implemented.Item Internet addiction as a comorbid condition among users with mild intellectual disability(Academy Publisher, 2020-06) Sharma, M K; Leeshma, B K; Prasad, K; Hamza, M A; Tadpatrikar, A; Thakur, P C; Singh, P.Background: Internet use provides the user with intellectual disability an opportunity for socialisation, entertainment, and knowledge. User with mild intellectual disability use internet more frequently during free time as well as for entertainment. The present case study is on the use of internet among users with mild intellectual disability. The users approached for management of addictive behaviour. Material and methods: Clinical interview, the Internet Addiction Test, the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire, and the Pornography Addiction Screening Tool were administered in individual setting. Results: The users found to have addictive use of internet, pornography, and game. It was associated with disturbance in their life style. Conclusions: It has implications for screening the addictive use of technology and their management among users with mild intellectual disability.Item Monkeypox: An Emerging Public Health Threat(Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India., 2022-09) Katre, R.; Aggarwal, P.; Singh, P.; Garg, S.In last three decades, more than 30 new infectious agents have been detected worldwide and out of which more than 60% have been found to be zoonotic in origin. Monkeypox disease is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Human monkeypox was first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in a 9month-old boy in a region where smallpox had been eliminated in 1968. First outbreak of human monkeypox outside Central and Western African region was detected in 2003 in United States of America which was linked to contact with the infected pet prairie dog. The latest Monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries started from May 2022 and have been reported from 89 member states across all six WHO regions. India reported first case of Monkeypox on 14 th July 2022.Item Retrospective analysis of indications of primary caesarean sections done at a tertiary care hospital(Medip Academy, 2019-08) Datta, Kamna; Singh, P.; Chopra, NamitaBackground: Caesarean section rates have globally risen above the levels that can be considered medically necessary. The aim of the study is to analyze the rate and indications of caesarean sections for primigravidae in the period 2016 to 2018 at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at PGIMER and Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi. A total of 552 caesarean deliveries in primigravidae were studied.Results: The total deliveries during the study period were 3346 and the total caesarean section rate observed was 30.66%. The caesarean section rate among primigravidae was 29.1%. The rate of caesarean section in primigravidae rose from 22.7% in 2016 to 39.3% in 2018 with 17% increase. Majority of them belonged to the age group 20-30 years (79.34%) and 2.53% were elderly primigravidae. Out of the total number of primigravidae caesarean deliveries, 67.2% were performed in emergency and 32.7% were performed electively. Among the emergency caesarean sections performed, 64% of patients had induced labor and 22% had spontaneous labor. The most common indication of caesarean section was fetal distress (19.77%) followed by arrest of labor (17.87%) and malpresentations (8.9%). The short-term caesarean morbidity rate was 25.4% including one mortality. Wound infection was the most common complication.Conclusions: Various reasons like changing maternal risk profile increased IVF pregnancies, scientific advances, personal choice and medico legal considerations have been cited for increased caesarean rate. Following evidence-based labor protocols, judicious use of cardiotocography, proper patient selection for labor induction and patient education will contribute in reduction of caesarean sections and related complications.Item Revisiting POSHAN Abhiyan with special Emphasis on Stunting(Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India., 2022-09) Jasrotia, A.; Singh, P.; Saxena, V.The Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment (POSHAN) Abhiyaan or National Nutrition Mission was launched by the Government of India on March 8, 2018 in the Jhunjhunia District of Rajasthan. POSHAN Abhiyan is India’s flagship programme to improve nutritional outcomes by convergence, targeted approach and use of appropriate technology. To strengthen nutritional content, delivery, outreach, and outcomes, Government has merged the Supplementary Nutrition Programme and Poshan Abhiyan to launch Mission POSHAN 2.0. As India formulates POSHAN Abhiyaan 2.0, the use of the stunting metric to measure the effect of current interventions needs to be reconsidered. It has been emphasized that the stunting metric, due to its sensitivity to maternal height, cannot accurately assess the extent of the current under-nutrition burden. Among the target indicators identified in POSHAN Abhiyaan, stunting is least indicative of current nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive conditions.Item Studies on persistent organic pollutants residue in water, sediment and fish tissues of river Sutlej, India(Triveni Enterprises, 2019-03) kaur, N.; Singh, P.; Bedi, J.S.; Gupta, A.Aim: To study the level of persistent organic pollutants in the environment of River Sutlej and rule out its detrimental effects on aquatic fauna. Methodology: Two different sites were selected for the study, one was before the confluence of a polluted tributary (Site I) another was after the confluence of polluted tributary (Site II). Analysis of water, sediment, gills and muscles of selected fish species was done to detect the level of persistent organic pollutants using Gas Chromatography. Results: Among POP's, PCB-28 was detected during monsoon period(0.55 ng ul-1) at Site I, while as it was detected both during monsoon (0.65 ng ul-1) and post-monsoon (0.49 ng ul-1) period at Site II in the water samples. Similarly, PCB-28 was detected in gills of Cirrhinus mrigala during pre (0.26 ng g-1) and post-monsoon (0.27 ng g-1) periods at Site I, while at Site II it was detected only during monsoon period (0.17 ng g-1). In Aoricthysaor gills, only PCB-28 was detected during pre-monsoon (0.34 ng g-1) and monsoon periods (0.19 ng g-1) at Site II. In Heteropneustes fossilis PCB-28 was detected during pre-monsoon period (0.26 ng g-1) at Site I, while at Site II it was found during pre-monsoon (0.21 ng g-1) and monsoon (0.17 ng g-1) periods. In Catla Catla gill samples among PCB's only PCB-28 was detected during pre-monsoon (0.32 ng g-1), monsoon (0.29 ng g-1) and post-monsoon periods (0.24 ng g-1) at Site II while Mirex (0.01 ng g-1) was detected at Site I during post-monsoon period. Interpretation: The study concluded that continuous monitoring of pesticide residue is warranted in the river Sutlej to rule out any detrimental effect of pesticide pollution on aquatic fauna.