Browsing by Author "Singh, A K"
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Item 4th ventricular cysticercus cyst.(1985-08-01) Kumar, S; Prakash, B; Singh, A K; Malik, RItem 5-chloro-3'-nitro-4'-cyclohexylaminosalicylanilide: a new cestodicidal agent.(1976-05-01) Sharma, H S; Singh, A K; Iyer, R N; Singh, HItem Acute non-calculus cholecystitis in virus B hepatitis.(1996-02-01) Singh, D S; Saxena, S R; Singh, A K; Gambhir, I SItem Acute renal failure in Plasmodium vivax malaria.(2003-03-04) Prakash, J; Singh, A K; Kumar, N S; Saxena, R KOBJECTIVES: To analyze incidence, clinical feature and outcome of acute renal failure due to Plasmodium vivax malaria. MATERIAL & METHOD: This is retrospective analysis of smear positive Plasmodium vivax patients with acute renal failure between Jan 1995 to Dec 2000. RESULT: Out of 577 cases of ARF, 93 [falciparum 74 (79.61%); vivax 19 (20.4%)] were related to complicated malaria. 3.2% (19/577) patients, 16 males and three females with age range 17-72, mean 43.3 +/- 13.4 years were due to vivax malaria. Thirteen had only vivax and six had mixed falciparum and vivax infection. The presenting features were fever (100%), jaundice (36.8%), hypotension--eight (42%), encephalopathy--11 (57.9%), sepsis--five (26.3%) and DIC--four (21%). The probable contributory factors for ARF were heavy parasitemia--11 (57.9%), hypotension--six (31.5%), hyperbilirubinemia--seven (36.8%), hemolysis--eight (42%) and DIC--four (21%). Oliguria was present in 47.3%, 13 (68.4%) patients required dialysis. Mortality was noted in 15.7% (3/19) patients. CONCLUSIONS: P. vivax malaria can cause ARF, which occurs more commonly in P. falciparum malaria. Renal ischemia is the dominant pathogenic mechanism that results in acute tubular necrosis. The prognosis of ARF in P. vivax malaria is favorable.Item Adult intussusception in Allahabad.(1983-11-01) Atri, S C; Singh, A K; Naithani, Y PItem Anti-HIV and cytotoxic ruthenium(II) complexes containing flavones: biochemical evaluation in mice.(2004-07-02) Mishra, L; Singh, A K; Trigun, S K; Singh, S K; Pandey, S MRu(II) polypyridyl complexes containing 3-hydroxyflavone derivatives as coligands were screened for anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities against eleven tumor cell lines. In order to check the effect of flavones containing Ru(II) complexes in vivo on a mammal, a representative complex Ru(L)2(DMSO)2 x 5H2O (LH-3-Hdroxy-4'-benzyloxyflavone; M5) was orally administered to adult male mice. Its effects on protein content and LDH were studied in different tissues of the animal. The compound got absorbed and retained in the blood between 1-3 hr after feeding. As compared to the normal and DMSO control sets, tissue specific significant reversible changes in the protein content as well as in LDH activity were observed between 1-4 hr of treatment. However, on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, except some tissue specific transitory alterations, expression patterns of five LDH isozymes were unchanged after feeding the compound. The present results suggested that in addition to its potent cytotoxic and anti-HIV effects on cell lines in vitro, M5 inhibited LDH activity, but reversibly with a little effect on biosynthetic status of the enzyme in mice.Item Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacteria isolated from nosocomial infections in ICU.(2002-12-09) Singh, A K; Sen, M R; Anupurba, S; Bhattacharya, PThe incidence of nosocomial infections in ICU is 4-5 times greater than in general ward. Critically ill patients are always at higher risk of developing nosocomial infections with resistant strains. This study is an attempt to know the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the common isolates in ICU. Samples comprising urine, blood, endotracheal secretions and throat swabs were collected from 102 ICU patients of them, 56 patients showed evidence of nosocomial infection (54.9%), from whom 120 different organisms were isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done according to Kirby Bauer method. Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most prevalent isolates from respiratory tract infections followed by Proteus spp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococci spp. and Acinetobacter spp. The gram negative enteric bacilli were uniformly resistant to betalactam antibiotics as well as betalactam-betalactamase inhibitors. Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone ranged from 50-100% and 25-83.3% respectively. Staphylococci were 100% resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, 80% to cotrimoxazole, 60% to erythromycin and gentamicin and 40% to amikacin. Acinetobacter spp. were highly resistant to most of the antibacterial agents except gentamicin while Pseudomonas spp. showed 75% resistance to it. The increased prevalence of resistant organisms in ICU probably reflects lack of proper antibiotic policy resulting in prolonged and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agent.Item Ascaris psychosis: an unusual presentation of round worm infestation.(2000-04-29) Singh, A K; Singh, MItem Aspergillus iris granuloma in a young male: a case report with review of literature.(2007-01-27) Agarwal, Manisha; Biswas, Jyotirmay; Mathur, Umang; Sijwali, Mahender Singh; Singh, A KEndogenous aspergillosis is a rare occurrence. Endogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating infection usually associated with disseminated aspergillosis or with intravenous drug abuse. We report a case of an isolated Aspergillus iris granuloma in a young immunocompetent male patient with review of the literature.Item Ataxia and deafness in a young male: an unusual aetiology.(2006-12-23) Prakash, A; Singh, N P; Sikdar, S; Singh, A K; Agarwal, S KWe report here a case of 18 year old male with tremors of hands, deafness, tendency to fall while walking, drowsiness and double vision of total duration 1(1/2) years. He had internuclear ophthalmoplegia, broken saccades, hypertonia and hyperreflexia of all four limbs, intention tremors, signs of gait and limb ataxia. Pupillary reactions and fundus examination were normal and signs of meningeal irritation or sensory neurological deficit were absent. MRI head and cervical spine with gadolinium enhancement revealed demyelination as evident from multiple oblong foci isointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences in corpus callosum, sub-cortical white matter, right thalamus, pons and periaqueductal region of midbrain. Ill-defined linear hyperintense signals were observed in cervical spinal cord. No skeletal abnormality was noted in the skull or cervical spine. Oligoclonal bands were present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were abnormal, although visual evoked potentials were in normal range. A diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) was made fulfilling the revised criteria as laid down. In view of its presentation, it is a unique case of PPMS from India.Item Benign osteoblastoma of the lumbar spine.(1983-12-01) Kumar, S; Prakash, B; Singh, A K; Navlakha, R K; Malhotra, VItem Biochemical changes in heat stressed promastigotes of Leishmania donovani.(1995-03-01) Goyal, N; Singh, A K; Guru, P Y; Rastogi, A KOn exposing promastigotes of L. donovani (Dd-8) to 34 degrees C for 30 hr, the flagella were shed, and size was decreased with 10% viability loss. The in vitro and in vivo infectivity of two forms was more or less similar. The 45Ca2+ uptake by the transformed cells was increased as compared to normal cells. Activity of 5'-nucleotidase was increased while activity of Mg(2+)-ATPase remained same. Parasite antioxidant enzymes were also significantly altered by heat shock. There was significant increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. It was accompanied by decrease in ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione.Item Brain abscess--an unusual complication of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.(2003-10-03) Pandey, P; Suri, A; Singh, A K; Mahapatra, A KThe authors report a case of a 10-year-old boy, who was operated for a craniopharyngioma with hydrocephalus. He succumbed to delayed development of brain abscess and its consequence, secondary to incompletely treated shunt tract infection. This unfortunate complication developed, despite the fact that conventional steps (removal of VP shunt and intravenous antibiotics) recommended for the treatment of VP shunt infection were adopted. The pathogenesis, management and review of literature of this extremely rare clinical entity is presented.Item Calcitropic hormonal status in north Indian patients with end-stage renal disease.(1999-09-29) Singh, A K; Avula, S; Kher, V; Rao, D S; Mithal, ABACKGROUND: Bone disease in chronic renal failure has a wide spectrum that includes both high and low turnover conditions. Specific preventive and therapeutic measures require knowledge of the nature of bone involvement. Bone biopsy with static and dynamic histomorphometry is the gold standard for characterization of renal bone disease. However, non-invasive biochemical tests, especially serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), have a good correlation with histomorphometry. We studied the clinical and biochemical profile of bone disease in a sample of north Indian patients with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients of chronic renal failure were evaluated clinically, radiologically (subperiosteal erosions on hand X-rays) and biochemically (serum calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase, intact PTH, osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Bone histomorphometry could be done in 4 patients. RESULTS: Serum intact PTH within or below the non-uraemic normal range, an index of low bone turnover, was seen in 17 (58.6%) patients. Serum osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, was within or below the non-uraemic normal range in 65.5% patients. Serum intact PTH and osteocalcin had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.6). Patient groups with clinical or radiological evidence of bone disease had serum intact PTH and osteocalcin levels comparable to those lacking such features. Serum intact PTH and total alkaline phosphatase were lower in haemodialysed (n = 25) patients than in those who had not received haemodialysis (n = 4). Low (< 10 ng/ml) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were seen in 7 (24%) patients while 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was low (< 15.9 pg/ml) in 20 (69%) patients. The biochemical parameters accurately reflected the bone histology (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the majority of north Indian patients with chronic renal failure have biochemical evidence of low bone turnover. Empirical use of calcium salts and active vitamin D analogues without documentation of parathyroid status carry the risk of further suppression of bone turnover.Item Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from blood of neonates with sepsis.(2010-10) Roy, S; Basu, S; Dasgupta, S; Singh, A K; Viswanathan, RItem Cerebellar liponeurocytoma--a case report.(2005-01-09) Tatke, Medha; Singh, A KCerebellar liponeurocytomas have been included in the 2000 classification of tumours of the central nervous system, under the heading of glioneuronal tumours. The tumour has two populations of cells- one composed of cells with morphology of neurocytes and the other are lipidised cells which look like mature fat cells. The tumour occurs in adults and has a good prognosis. Less than fifteen cases have been reported in world literature. We report a case of this rare tumour entity in a 32 years old female patient.Item Cervical spondylosis: a review of 230 cases.(1994-07-01) Sinha, S; Prakash, B; Singh, A K; Kumar, S; Pal, D NBetween January 1981 and March 1991, 230 patients of cervical spondylosis were treated surgically. The choice of surgical approach was dependent on clinicoradiological presentation. Anterior discectomy was performed in 105 cases decompressive laminectomy in 119 cases and combined approach in 6 cases. In anterior discectomy group 89% showed improvement, 4% remained unchanged and 7% worsened. In decompressive laminectomy group 68% improved, 15% unchanged, 15% worsened and 1.6% died. In combined approach 66% showed improvement, 17% remained unchanged and 17% died. Anterior discectomy had less risk of overall complications than decompressive laminectomy.Item Changing patterns and trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at referral centre in Northern India: A 4-year experience.(2013-01) Maurya, A K; Singh, A K; Kumar, M; Umrao, J; Kant, S; Nag, V L; Kushwaha, R A S; Dhole, T NPurpose: India has a high burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), although there is little data on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Although MDR-TB has existed for long time in India, very few diagnostic laboratories are well-equipped to test drug sensitivity. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of MDR-TB, first-line drug resistance patterns and its changing trends in northern India in the 4 years. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study from July 2007 to December 2010. Microscopy, culture by Bactec460 and p-nitro-α-acetylamino-β-hydroxypropiophenone (NAP) test was performed to isolate and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) complex (MTBC). Drug sensitivity testing (DST) was performed by 1% proportional method (Bactec460) for four drugs: Rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Various clinical and demographical profiles were evaluated to analyse risk factors for development of drug resistance. Results: We found the overall prevalence rate of MDR-TB to be 38.8%, increasing from 36.4% in 2007 to 40.8% in 2010. we found that the prevalence of MDR-TB in new and previously treated cases was 29.1% and 43.3% ( P < 0.05; CI 95%). The increasing trend of MDR-TB was more likely in pulmonary TB when compared with extra-pulmonary TB ( P < 0.05; CI 95%). Conclusions: we found a high prevalence (38.8%) of MDR-TB both in new cases (29.1%) and previously treated cases (43.3%).This study strongly highlights the need to make strategies for testing, surveillance, monitoring and management of such drug-resistant cases.Item Changing trends in the treatment of enteric fever.(1993-03-01) Singh, A KItem The circadian pattern of ischaemic heart disease events in Indian population.(1999-12-28) Singh, A K; Singh, M; Singh, D S