Browsing by Author "Radomyos, P"
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Item Alterations of the surface tegument of Opisthorchis viverrini exposed to praziquantel in vitro and in vivo.(1984-03-01) Sirisinha, S; Puengtomwatanakul, S; Sobhon, P; Saitongdee, P; Wongpayabal, P; Mitranonde, V; Radomyos, P; Bunnag, D; Harinasuta, TThe in vitro and in vivo effects of praziquantel on the ultrastructural surface of Opisthorchis viverrini were investigated using scanning electronmicroscopy. For the in vitro study, adult flukes were collected from experimentally infected hamsters, and were incubated for various time intervals at 37 degrees C in Earle's basal medium containing praziquantel at final concentrations of 0.01-100 micrograms/ml. For the in vivo study, flukes were collected from the biliary system of experimentally infected hamsters that had been treated 4 hours previously with 350 mg of praziquantel per kg body weight (mg/kg). Flukes were also obtained from the feces of a patient with opisthorchiasis who had been given praziquantel once at a dose of 40 mg/kg 4-6 hours previously and from the bile of a patient at the time of operation 24 hours after praziquantel treatment. Scanning electronmicroscopic analyses of the surface teguments of flukes exposed to praziquantel either in vitro or in vivo showed similar changes. Tegumental bubbles of different sizes appeared on the surface; they later ruptured and resulted in the formation of crater-like lesions. These lesions might be so extensive as to result in the peeling of the entire areas. On occasions, "micronodules" appeared later in these areas and those at the periphery of the lesions; these micronodules may represent an attempt by the worm to regenerate new tegument. The possibility that these ultrastructural changes may represent a generalized response of the tegumental surface to an obnoxious agent was discussed.Item A brief report on Gnathostoma spinigerum specimens obtained from human cases.(1987-06-01) Radomyos, P; Daengsvang, SA total of 23 gnathostome specimens different stages from the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, other general hospitals and medical clinics in Bangkok metropolitan area and central Thailand were identified as G. spinigerum. The various stages were as follows: Five advanced third-stage larvae (22.0%) of various sizes; 2.20-3.50 mm X 0.40-0.63 mm were removed from the skin, mucous membrane and the eyeball, of which the smallest measured 2.20 X 0.40 mm. Fourteen immature worms of both sexes were from the skin and mucous membrane, one spontaneously voided in the urine. The sizes varied from 4.63-9.35 mm X 0.60- 1.05 mm (8 male worms), and 3.83-16.25 mm. X 0.83-1.0 mm (6 female worms). All these immature worms had 8 rows of complete cephalic-hooklets with the exception of two with 6 and 7 rows of complete cephalic-hooklets. Four mature males size ranged from 9.9-12.5 mm X 1.0-1.25 mm. The smallest was removed from the abdominal skin of a newly born 7-day old baby evidently the case was prenatally transmitted.Item A case report of Hymenolepis diminuta in Bangkok, Thailand.(1978-12-01) Chitchang, S; Sooksala, N; Radomyos, PA 20-month-old Thai girl was brought to the Phramongkutkao Hospital in Bangkok. The girl's stool was examined and ova of Hymenolepis diminuta were found. She was treated with Niclosamide and magnesium sulphate. Six hours after medication three tapeworms without the scolex were expelled in stool.Item A cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Nan Province, Northern Thailand.(2002-06-19) Waikagul, J; Krudsood, S; Radomyos, P; Radomyos, B; Chalemrut, K; Jonsuksuntigul, P; Kojima, S; Looareesuwan, S; Thaineau, WA cross-sectional study of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections at eight schools in Bo Klau district and four schools in Chalerm Prakiet district, Nan Province, in January and February, 2001. A total of 1,010 fecal samples were examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Results revealed that the rate of helminthic infection was 60.0%, while protozoa accounted for 36.2% of infections; mixed infections were common, resulting in a total prevalence of both parasites of 68.1%. Helminthic parasites, listed by frequency of infections, were Ascaris lumbricoides (21.7%), hookworm (18.5%), Trichuris trichiura (16.3%), Opisthorchis viverrini (1.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.9%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.9%). The protozoal infections were Entamoeba coli (25.8%), Giardia lamblia (5.3%), Endolimax nana (2.5%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.4%), Blastocystis hominis (0.8%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.3%) and Iodamoeba bütschlii (0.1%). This study emphasizes the need for improved environmental hygiene ie clean water supplies and enhanced sanitation, in affected communities. Health promotion, by means of a school-based educational approach is recommended; regular check-ups should be implemented, and a continuos program of treatment should be considered.Item Detection of antibodies against Opisthorchis viverrini in patients before and after treatment with praziquantel.(1988-03-01) Thammapalerd, N; Tharavanij, S; Nacapunchai, D; Bunnag, D; Radomyos, P; Prasertsiriroj, VLevels of antibody in sera of 78 patients with opisthorchiasis, 30 patients with other liver diseases, 10 patients with schistosomiasis and 30 healthy individuals were compared using three serodiagnostic tests, namely indirect haemagglutination (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lectin immuno test (LIT). The geometric mean reciprocal titer in sera of opisthorchiasis patients was significantly higher than patients with other diseases, patients with schistosomiasis and healthy individuals (p less than 0.00001). After treatment with praziquantel, the antibody titers were decreased and became lowest 120 days after treatment. A statistically significant decrease from the pre-treatment sample was observed only at 120 days after infection and not earlier and only with ELISA (p = 0.03) and not with IHA and LIT (p greater than 0.05). Even with ELISA, significant decrease in antibody titer was apparent only when the pre-treatment sera had high enough antibody titer. ELISA was therefore better than the other two tests for the assessment of cure provided that the titer of pre-treatment sera was high.Item Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911, infection in man in Thailand.(1982-06-01) Radomyos, P; Bunnag, D; Harinasuta, TItem Experimental infection of A. ceylanicum by oral route in man.(1973-03-01) Areekul, S; Viravan, C; Radomyos, PItem Experimental infection of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in man.(1970-03-01) Areekul, S; Radomyos, P; Viravan, CItem Experimental infection of yellow tree monitor (Varanus bengalensis) and related species with Angiostrongylus cantonensis.(1992-03-01) Radomyos, P; Tungtrongchitr, A; Praewanich, RItem Fecal egg output in relation to worm burden and clinical features in human opisthorchiasis.(1990-06-01) Pungpak, S; Harinasuta, T; Bunnag, D; Chindanond, D; Radomyos, PA study of the relation of fecal egg excretion to worm burden and clinical features was carried out in 45 opisthorchiasis patients who had no signs of biliary obstruction. The fecal egg excretion was consistent and correlated with the worm burden. Although there was no definite association between clinical signs and intensity of infection, mild hepatomegaly and thickened wall or dilatation of the gallbladder were found more commonly in heavily infected patients. Eosinophilia was observed more often than previous reports. Concomitant parasitic infections were found in 82% of the patients. After praziquantel treatment, egg counts increased greatly during the first few days then decreased to very low levels in 7 days.Item Field trial on the treatment of fasciolopsiasis with praziquantel.(1983-06-01) Bunnag, D; Radomyos, P; Harinasuta, TEight-five of 816 (10.7%) students attending a primary school in Central Thailand were examined and found infected with Fasciolopsis buski. All of students ate fresh water lily stems and most ate other fresh water plants including caltrop, water cress and morning glory. The 85 students were given praziquantel in randomized single doses of 15, 25 or 40 mg/kg body weight. Side effects were mild and transient and consisted of headache, dizziness, nausea, sleepiness, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, diarrhea, epigastric pain, vomiting and lassitude. Those receiving the highest dosages had more side effects than students in the other 2 groups. Large blisters were observed on the tegument of F. buski passed in feces and this was believed to be caused by the drug. The authors recommend a single dose of praziquantel in a dosage of 15 mg/kg of body weight for the treatment of parasitosis.Item Haplorchis pumilio (Looss) infection in man in northeastern Thailand.(1983-06-01) Radomyos, P; Bunnag, D; Harinasuta, TDuring a clinical trial of praziquantel for human opisthorchiasis, Haplorchis pumilio Looss were recovered from the stools of 12 patients. This is the third species of Haplorchis spp. reported from man in Thailand.Item Human infection of Centrocestus caninus in Thailand.(1997-12-10) Waikagul, J; Wongsaroj, T; Radomyos, P; Meesomboon, V; Praewanich, R; Jongsuksuntikul, PExamination of fecal samples, collected after treatment with praziquantel, of the persons positive with opisthorchioid eggs residing in the northern provinces of Thailand, was carried out. Five adults Centrocestus were recovered in one sample from Doi Saket, Chiang Mai and one adult was found in another fecal sample from Wiang Pa Pao, Chiang Rai. The worms had 26-30 spines arranging in two rows around the oral sucker which agreed with the character of C. caninus. This is the first record of natural human infection with Centrocestus in Thailand.Item Hymenolepis nana infection in Thai children.(2000-09-15) Sirivichayakul, C; Radomyos, P; Praevanit, R; Pojjaroen-Anant, C; Wisetsing, PStool examination was performed on 2,083 Thai children from orphanages and primary schools. Hymenolepis nana infection was found only in children from orphanages with a prevalence of 13.12 per cent. Males had a statistically significant higher prevalence of infection than females. Most infected children were asymptomatic. In symptomatic infected children, the symptoms were mild and non-specific such as pruritus ani, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, headache, and dizziness. Praziquantel in a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg body weight was effective and well tolerated in Hymenolepis nana infected Thai children.Item Intestinal sarcocystosis in Thai laborers.(1996-03-01) Wilairatana, P; Radomyos, P; Radomyos, B; Phraevanich, R; Plooksawasdi, W; Chanthavanich, P; Viravan, C; Looareesuwan, STo determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis and other intestinal parasites in Thai laborers who were going abroad for work, stool examinations of 362 asymptomatic laborers were studied. The four most frequently parasites found in stool were Sarcocystis sp (23.2%), Opisthorchis viverini (40.3%), hookworm (21.5%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (14.1%). Giardia intestinalis (5.2%), Entamoeba coli (1.7%), Endolimax nana (2.5%), Blastocystis hominis (4.1%), Echinostoma sp (3.6%), Trichuris trichiura (0.3%), Taenia sp (1.7%), Hymenolepis nana (0.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%) were present at low rates. Sarcocystis were frequently found in male laborers (83.3%) (p < .01). The laborers from northeastern Thailand (n = 278) had a higher prevalence (26.6%) of Sarcocystis infection (p < .01). This study shows that Thai laborers, particularly from northeastern Thailand, are commonly infected with intestinal parasites. The high prevalence rates of Sarcocystis and other intestinal parasites in this study were indicative of the local habit of eating raw beef and pork, poor living conditions, and low levels of hygiene in Thai laborers. Sarcocystosis could be a significant food-borne zoonotic infection in Thailand.Item A new intestinal fluke, Plagiorchis harinasutai n.sp.(1989-03-01) Radomyos, P; Bunnag, D; Harinasuta, TDilution-sedimentation examination of stool specimens from four opisthorchiasis patients treated with praziquantel led to the discovery of six Plagiorchis worms. This is the first known report of plagiorchis infection in man in Thailand. The morphological features differed from those of previously described Plagiorchis species indicating that these worms belong to a new species, which we designated as Plagiorchis harinasutai n.sp. in honour of Professor Chamlong Harinasuta, former Dean of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok. The holotype is held at the Museum and Reference Centre. Paratypes are held in the Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University.Item Occurrence of the infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the yellow tree monitor (Varanus bengalensis) in five Provinces of Thailand.(1994-09-01) Radomyos, P; Tungtrongchitr, A; Praewanich, R; Khewwatchan, P; Kantangkul, T; Junlananto, P; Ayudhya, S ITwenty-two yellow tree monitors (Varanus bengalensis) were trapped and transported from 5 provinces, namely Lampang, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak and Prachin Buri to look for the infective larvae stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In 4 provinces all of the yellow tree monitors were infected with the infective stage larvae of A. cantonensis altogether. Twenty-one of the 22 yellow tree monitors (95.5%) in the five provinces were infected. Our results of this study extend our knowledge of natural prevalence of A. cantonensis in yellow tree monitors. The snail eating habit of the yellow tree monitor might possibly be the source of the larvae.Item Opisthorchiasis and intestinal fluke infections in northern Thailand.(1998-03-18) Radomyos, B; Wongsaroj, T; Wilairatana, P; Radomyos, P; Praevanich, R; Meesomboon, V; Jongsuksuntikul, PFour hundred and thirty-one residents from 16 provinces in northern Thailand who had previously been found positive for Opisthorchis viverrini or Opisthorchis viverrini-like eggs were given praziquantel 40 mg/kg. The stool was collected for 4 to 6 times and examined for adult worms. The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini in this group was 11.6%. Intestinal flukes, Haplorchis taichui and Haplorchis yokogawai, were predominantly found in 63.11% and 10.44% respectively. Other intestinal flukes (Centrocestus caninus, Echinostoma malayanum, Haplorchis pumilio, Phaneropsolus bonnei, Plagiorchid flukes, Prosthodendrium molenkampi and Stellantchasmus falcatus) were also found in small numbers.Item The optimum dose of Puag-Haad in the treatment of taeniasis.(1989-02-01) Charoenlarp, P; Radomyos, P; Bunnag, DForty-two per cent of 24 patients with Taeniasis saginata were cured by two-gram dose of a crude aqueous extract of the wood Artocarpus lakoocha, Puag-Haad, while eighty per cent of 25 patients were cured by three-gram dose which is comparable to the results of five-gram dose but had less side-effect. Thus, the three-gram dose of Puag-Haad is recommended in the treatment of taeniasis.Item Overview reflection of primary health care in Thailand supported from 1976 to 1996 by Japan-Thailand partnership.(1998-09-07) Rakue, Y; Panasoponkul, C; Suthienkul, O; Radomyos, PThe international health cooperation of Japan for developing countries has been mostly concentrated on matters such as improvement of hygienic environment, prevention of tropical infectious diseases, establishment of hospitals with modern medical instruments and devices, and dispatch of medical experts. PHC (Primary Health Care) activities based on voluntary participation of local inhabitants in developing countries have been largely neglected. In the field of health and medical care, sufficient effect may not be achieved unless the local health activity is based on voluntary participation of the inhabitants. The introduction of advanced modern medical technics may be beneficial to some of the inhabitants, while most of the local inhabitants may not have the chance to receive such benefits, and additionally it is difficult to propagate modern medical care and technics widely to rural areas. In Thailand, PHC activity based on community participation was started in 1985, with the following three main themes: (1) Training of Village Health Volunteers (VHV) and Village Health Communicators (VHC), and development of their activities. (2) Establishment and operation of Health Centers. (3) Establishment and operation of a Drug Cooperative System (DC). Earlier, one of PHC activities developed by Japan, "Thailand Local Health Activity Improvement Project" based on the program of Thailand-Japan Partnership, was initiated in 1976 in rural areas of Chanthaburi Prefecture. From 1982, third country training programs have been carried out by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). As 10 years have elapsed since the initiation of PHC activity in rural areas in Thailand under the cooperation of the Governments of Thailand and Japan, it seems to be time to reconsider how PHC activity should be developed in future based on a candid evaluation of achievements and results.