Browsing by Author "Jain, D"
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Item Acid-fast bacilli positive isolated tubercular splenic abscess in a HIV-negative patient.(2008-01-18) Jain, M; Singh, S; Thomas, S; Jain, DIsolated splenic tubercular abscess in a HIV-negative patient is an exceedingly rare clinical condition. It is even more rare to demonstrate acid-fast bacilli positivity on Ziehl-Neelson stains in such cases. We hereby present one such case.Item Bronchogenic carcinoma--histological diagnosis and roentgenographic relationship.(1987-10-01) Jain, N K; Madan, A; Sharma, T N; Agnihotri, S P; Deopura, G; Sarkar, S K; Jain, DItem Characterisation of invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Nagpur, central India.(1996-06-01) Agarwal, V; Jain, D; Pathak, A A; Saoji, A MA total of 14 invasive H. influenzae were isolated from 12 patients by culturing 621 samples of body fluids over a span of one year. Twelve non-replicate isolates were analyzed for their drug susceptibility and serotype distribution. Eight (66.7%) isolates were multiply drug resistant with resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole in different combinations. All isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime and erythromycin. Serotype b accounted for 10 (83.3%) isolates while one each were type a and non-typeable respectively. A continuous surveillance of drug susceptibility and serotype distribution is important to determine changes in the behaviour of the organism over time.Item Comparison of laboratory-developed test & validated assay of programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemistry in non-small-cell lung carcinoma(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2019-10) Nambirajan, A; Husain, N; Shukla, S; Kumar, S; Jain, DBackground & objectives: Inhibitors of immune checkpoint regulators, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), improve outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Tumours expressing PD-L1 protein are more likely to benefit from this targeted therapy. Multiple concurrent clinical trials evaluating different anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have validated five different immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using varied antibody clones and staining conditions. This study was aimed at identification of a single harmonized PD-L1 assay for tumour tissue conservation and cost-effectiveness in patients with NSCLC. Methods: The performance of low-cost, manual, laboratory-developed technique (LDT) PD-L1 IHC assay using the easily available SP142 clone was compared with trial validated Ventana SP263 IHC performed on automated Ventana staining platform on tumour sections of NSCLCs. Results: Eighty cases of NSCLC were included. SP263 and SP142 stained both tumour cells and immune cells. The concordance rate of tumour cell staining was about 76 per cent, with SP263 detecting more tumour cells in 16 per cent of cases. The concordance rate of immune cell staining was only 61 per cent, with SP142 detecting more immune cells in 24 per cent of cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of manual SP142 LDT assay against gold standard SP263 Ventana assay were 70, 94, 86 and 86 per cent, respectively, at positivity thresholds of ?1 per cent tumour cell staining. Interpretation & conclusions: The study findings suggested that LDT using SP142 clone showed only moderate concordance with SP263 Ventana assay, and the two assays were not interchangeable. More such validation studies need to be done to generate information that can complement patient therapy in cases of NSCLC.Item Congenital factor X (Stuart-Prower factor) deficiency: a family study.(1988-11-01) Jain, D; Bhargava, M; Arya, L SItem Congenital heart block due to pigment deposition in the conduction system.(1995-03-01) Ray, R; Grover, A; Jain, D; Narang, A; Datta, B NItem Cupriavidus pauculus (Ralstonia paucula) concomitant meningitis and septicemia in a neonate: First case report from India.(2013-10) Duggal, S; Gur, R; Nayar, R; Rongpharpi, S R; Jain, D; Gupta, R KRalstonia paucula (formerly classifi ed as CDC (Centre for Disease Control) group IVc-2, Wautersia paucula; recently renamed as Cupriavidus pauculus) is an environmental Gram-negative bacillus isolated from water sources and can cause serious human infections. Patients recover bacteriologically indicating low virulence. A total of 32 cases have been reported world-wide, but no isolation has ever been reported from cerebrospinal fl uid or in India. The fi rst case of R. paucula meningitis and septicemia is being reported here along with the brief summary of cases reported world-wide.Item Decreased sodium-potassium and calcium adenosine triphosphatase activity in asthma: modulation by inhaled and oral corticosteroids.(1999-01-20) Chhabra, S K; Khanduja, A; Jain, DThe activation of both the inflammation-producing cells and the airway smooth muscle in asthma is believed to be a phenomenon dependent on the intracellular calcium. The activity of Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase, enzymes responsible for regulating the intracellular calcium concentrations has been reported to be decreased in asthma. An increase in plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), which is known to be a pro-inflammatory compound and has an inhibitory effect on the two ATPases has also been reported. Corticosteroids are potent antiinflammatory drugs very effective in the treatment of asthma. The effect of long-term (12 weeks) treatment with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and short-term (1 week) treatment with oral prednisolone on the activity of the two ATPases and intracellular calcium in leukocytes and plasma LPC levels was investigated. Both the treatments resulted in an improvement in lung function accompanied by an increase in the activities of the ATPases and a decrease in the intracellular calcium and LPC levels. It was concluded that increase in the activities of Na+ K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase and a consequent lowering of intracellular calcium, and a lowering of plasma LPC may underlie the beneficial effect of corticosteroids in asthma.Item Diagnostic approach to a bleeding patient.(1987-04-01) Bhargava, M; Jain, DItem Diazo test in typhoid fever.(2003-03-27) Shivpuri, D; Dayal, H S; Jain, DItem Effect of additional oral ofloxacin administration in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.(1996-04-01) Sharma, S K; Guleria, R; Jain, D; Chawla, T C; Saha, P; Mohan, A; Jain, N KThe effect of additional oral ofloxacin administration was evaluated in 19 HIV-negative patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Their mean duration of illness was 3.6 years. Based on chest roentgenograms, 13 patients had advanced disease and 6 had moderate disease. In addition to 'second-line drugs', patients were treated with oral ofloxacin; high dose 800 mg per day (12 patients), low dose 400 mg per day (2 patients) and intermittent twice a week regimen of 800 mg a day (5 patients). With treatment, there was a significant clinical improvement. Sputum smear conversion occurred in 18 patients (mean duration 15 weeks) and this sputum smear negativity persisted for a mean duration of 7 months. Chest roentgenograms revealed regression of lesions in 18 patients. Reversible side effects were encountered in four patients. Results of present study suggest that additional administration of oral ofloxacin is both effective and safe for the treatment of MDR-TB.Item Effect of cancer treatment modalities on serum lipids and lipoproteins among women with carcinoma of the breast.(2001-07-08) Ray, A; Jain, D; Yadav, R; Naik, S L; Sharma, S; Bahadur, A K; Sharma, B KSerum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 61 breast cancer patients before initiation of therapy and subsequently during and after completion of cancer therapy. Different serum lipid fractions were estimated by enzymatic method. It was observed that mean levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol among untreated breast cancer patients decreased significantly after treatment. On the contrary, an increasing trend in the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was noticed in patients during the course of treatment. This study reflects the effects of cancer therapy in the alteration of levels of different serum lipid fractions in the patients with breast cancer.Item Effect of vitamin D on efficacy of pyrazinamide in pulmonary tuberculosis.(1991-05-01) Narang, N K; Meratwal, S; Jain, DItem Epidemiological study of periodontal diseases in rural areas.(1981-04-01) Jain, D; Sen, V; Jain, T PItem Factors responsible for delayed immunisation among children under 5 years of age.(2000-01-04) Ughade, S N; Zodpey, S P; Deshpande, S G; Jain, DAlthough immunisation coverage has increased substantially in recent years, still a sizable proportion of children are not being immunised at appropriate time. The present hospital based, pair matched, case control study was carried out at immunoprophylactic centre of Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, to identify risk factors associated with delayed immunisation among children. This study included 139 children with a delay of more than 90 days for scheduled primary immunisation and equal number of matched control (for dose) receiving immunisation at appropriate time. The study identified significant association of family size [Odd's ratio (OR) = 7.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5-35.6], number of children < 5 years (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 1.1-9.9), sex (OR = 3, 95% CI = 1.2-7.4), paternal education (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.6-8.5), maternal education (OR = 4, 95% CI = 1.5-10.9), socio-economic status (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.1-13.2) and distance from health centre (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.2-17.6) with delayed immunisation. Negligence (56%) and unawareness (22.7%) of parents were main reasons for delayed immunisation. Hence more stress on identified risk factors in the study will indirectly help in reducing the frequency of delayed immunisation.Item Histotyping of Indian thymomas: A clinicopathologic study from north India(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2019-08) Guleria, P; Parshad, R; Malik, PS; Ray, R; Pandey, R M; Jain, DBackground & objectives: Thymomas are rare, but most common anterior mediastinal lesions. The histomorphologic spectrum of thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) in Indian population has not been explored in depth. This study was aimed to assess the histomorphology of TETs in the Indian patients and correlate clinical parameters with pathological features. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in north India. All morphologically confirmed cases of TETs since 2009 were included. Clinical details and histology slides were reviewed using the Modified Masaoka-Koga staging system and WHO 2015 classification. Clinicopathological correlation and survival analysis were done. A comparative review from other published Indian studies was performed. Results: A total of 219 cases of TETs (138 resections and 81 biopsies) were identified. The most common histomorphologic type was B2, and the most frequent stage was I. Types A/AB were common in older age (P<0.01). Clinically, higher stage tumours were found mostly in men (P<0.01), and these were Type B thymomas (P<0.01). Myasthenia gravis was more common in women (P<0.02) and in lower stages (P<0.05). Survival analysis revealed significant association between recurrence and tumour stage. Although thymic carcinoma was diagnosed on biopsy, no resectable case was identified. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed that the thymomas in Indian patients were most commonly Stage I tumours of B2 and AB histotypes. Resected thymic carcinomas were conspicuously absent in our study. More studies need to be done to establish the frequency and biology of TETs from India.Item Iron deficiency anaemia in sickle cell disorders in India.(2008-04-26) Mohanty, D; Mukherjee, M B; Colah, R B; Wadia, M; Ghosh, K; Chottray, G P; Jain, D; Italia, Y; Ashokan, K; Kaul, R; Shukla, D K; Muthuswamy, VBACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is uncommon in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) because of availability of an adequate iron source potentially from increased red cell turnover and from blood transfusions. Also, iron deficiency anaemia can often go unnoticed because the sickle cell disease patients are already anaemic. Iron deficiency in sickle cell patients may result in lowering the intracellular haemoglobin concentration and this may ameliorate sickling. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and the response of iron supplementation in sickle cell disorders in tribal population of the four States viz. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Orissa and Tamil Nadu. METHODS: A total of 8434 individuals (7105 AA, 1267 AS and 62 SS) were tested for zinc protoporphyrin/haem (ZPP/H) ratio and haemoglobin levels. Twenty two sickle cell anaemia (SS), 47 sickle cell trait (AS) and 150 normal control (AA) individuals who were iron deficient, were given iron therapy for a period of 12 wk and the laboratory investigations were repeated at the 13th wk. RESULTS: Sixty seven per cent of subjects with sickle cell anaemia and 26 per cent with sickle cell trait had elevated ZPP/H ratios (>80 micromol/mol) as against 22.8 per cent of normal individuals. The elevated ZPP/H ratios is an indicator of microcytic anaemia of iron deficiency. Following iron therapy, an improvement in the Hb levels and ZPP/H ratios was observed in both sickle cell disorders and normal individual cases. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: This study suggests that iron deficiency anaemia is an important problem in Indian sickle cell anaemia patients and iron supplementation should be given only in proven cases of iron deficiency anaemia.Item Levels of malondialdehyde and antioxidants in the blood of patients with vitiligo of age group 11–20 years.(2008-07) Jain, D; Misra, R; Kumar, A; Jaiswal, GThe aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo has not been fully understood. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of vitiligo, we examined the blood level of antioxidants and malondialdehyde in 40 patients with generalized vitiligo and 40 healthy volunteers belonging to same age group. Our results revealed that the level of malondialdehyde was significantly raised while those of vitamin E, uric acid and ceruloplasmin were significantly lowered (P<0.05) in patients with generalized vitiligo as compared to controls. This demonstrates the presence of an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system in the blood of vitiligo patients and thus provides support for a free radical mediated damage as a pathogenic event in vitiligo.Item Long-term stability of bronchial reactivity in guinea pigs.(2000-01-14) Jain, D; Raj, H G; Chhabra, S KMeasurement of lung function and bronchial reactivity are widely used as outcome parameters to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. In order to interpret the results correctly, it is necessary that the outcome parameters are themselves stable over time so that any significant changes measured may be attributed to the interventions. Specific airway conductance (SGaw) and airway reactivity to histamine are two commonly used parameters in animal models such as guinea pigs. Although short-term variability of these parameters has been investigated, there has been no study of long-term stability. In the present paper, SGaw and bronchial reactivity to histamine were measured in 111 conscious guinea pigs using a non-invasive, whole body plethysmograph. Baseline values of SGaw and ED35 histamine were measured and followed for eight weeks at weekly intervals. At baseline, mean SGaw in guinea pigs was 0.17 +/- 0.055 sec-1 cm H2O-1 and ED35 histamine ranged from 0.064 to more than 10 mg/ml. The distribution of ED35 histamine values was gaussian. We observed that the changes in SGaw and ED35 histamine recorded using this technique are highly reproducible over eight weeks. The reactivity varied by less than a doubling dose of histamine over any two consecutive weeks. Thus, the technique described in this paper is quick, easily learned, reproducible, independent of temperature-humidity artifact and highly suitable for studies of repeated measurements as in the study of dietary interventions and evaluation of effect of drugs.Item Multi-minicore disease: a rare form of myopathy.(2007-01-03) Sharma, M C; Gulati, S; Sarkar, C; Jain, D; Kalra, V; Suri, VBACKGROUND: Multi-minicore disease is a rare form of myopathy characterized by slowly progressive or nonprogressive muscle weakness and characteristic multiple cores within the muscle fibers. To the best of our knowledge, this is first documentation of the clinicopathological features of this rare entity from India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A ll cases of multi-minicore disease diagnosed in our laboratory were retrieved. Clinical and pathological features were reviewed. RESULT: During a period of two years (January 2004 to December 2005), we received 985 muscle biopsies for various reasons. Of which, 15 were diagnosed as myopathies and four of which were of multi-minicore disease. Thus, multi-minicore disease comprises 0.40% of all muscle diseases and 26.6% of all myopathies. All were male and presented in early childhood (first decade of life) with generalized hypotonia and muscle weakness. All of them had dysmorphic facies and three had high arched palate. CPK levels were normal and EMG was myopathic except in one patient. Microscopic examination revealed minimal changes with Type I fibers' predominance but characteristic multiple cores in the myofibers. Ultrastructural examination showed both structured and unstructured cores. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-minicore disease, although a rare form of myopathies, should be suspected in children who present with generalized hypotonia and slowly progressive muscle weakness along with dysmorphic facies.