Browsing by Author "Bhatnagar, S"
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Item Aggregative Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella are associated with increasing duration of diarrhea.(1989-01-01) Bhan, M K; Sazawal, S; Raj, P; Bhandari, N; Kumar, R; Bhardwaj, Y; Shrivastava, R; Bhatnagar, SIn order to relate etiology of diarrhea to the duration of the episode, a cohort of 452 children up to 36 months of age was visited once weekly at their households for 18 consecutive months to record diarrheal morbidity. Fecal specimens were obtained in 453 diarrheal episodes occurring in 354 children during this period. The common putative agents as single isolations associated with diarrhea were EA-AggEC (17.2%), ETEC (14.1%), EPEC (6.0%) and rotavirus (4.0%). The pathogens with higher median duration of diarrhea were Shigella (13.5; mean +/- SD 13.7 +/- 2.7), Salmonella (8.8: 15.3 +/- 4.5) and EA = AggEC (12.0: 15.1 +/- 1.8). Of 55 episodes with duration of greater than 14 days, the main pathogens isolated were EA-AggEC (32.7%), ETEC (9.0), Salmonella, G. lamblia (5.5% each) and Shigella (3.5%). These data provide a preliminary evidence to suggest that EA = AggEC may well be the main long sought microbial agent responsible for diarrhea of long duration.Item Authors’ response(2016-06) Nair, V; Madan, H; Sofat, S; Ganguli, P; Jacob, M J; Datta, R; Bharadwaj, P; Sarkar, R S; Pandit, A J; Nityanand, S; Goel, P K; Garg, N; Gambhir, S; George, P V; Chandy, S; Mathews, V; George, O K; Talwar, K K; Bahl, A; Marwah, N; Bhatacharya, A; Bhargava, B; Airan, B; Mohanty, S; Patel, C D; Sharma, A; Bhatnagar, S; Mondal, A; Jose, J; Srivastava, AItem Authors’ responses.(2015-06) Khandelwal, D; Gupta, N; Mukherjee, A; Lodha, R; Singh, V; Grewal, H M; Bhatnagar, S; Singh, S; Kabra, S K; Delhi Pediatric TB Study GroupItem Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia.(1987-11-01) Sharma, P P; Halder, D; Dutta, A K; Dutta, R; Bhatnagar, S; Bali, A; Kumari, SItem Bartter's syndrome in newborn treated with indomethacin.(1989-01-01) Daga, S R; Patole, S; Deokate, S; Bhatnagar, SItem Ceftibuten.(1999-09-01) Bhatnagar, S; Chandra, JItem Cost of infant feeding in exclusive and partially breastfed infants.(1996-08-01) Bhatnagar, S; Jain, N P; Tiwari, V KOBJECTIVE: To compare the costs incurred on infant feeding between the mothers who exclusively breastfed their infants and those who introduced supplements up to 6 months of age. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow up. SETTING: Urban slums of south Delhi. METHODS: One hundred normal mother infant pairs fulfilling the prelaid criteria were recruited at the time of birth and followed up for determining the feeding practices. The cost of feeding was estimated at prevalent market prices in terms of food supplement and medical treatment of infant and additional nutritional intake of mothers. The differences in costs in exclusively and partially breastfed groups were analyzed at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age. RESULTS: There was a sharp decline of exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months. The mean cost of infant feeding was Rs. 204/- per month in partially breastfed as compared to Rs. 106/- in exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age. The increased cost was largely attributable to supplementary food and the cost of feeding bottles. (83% of mothers used bottles). CONCLUSIONS: The mean cost of infant feeding is substantially higher in partially breastfed children.Item Current antibiotic choice for enteric fever.(1997-02-01) Bhatnagar, S; Bhan, M KItem Development of a new long acting contraceptive for women.(1973-07-01) Srivastava, U K; Bhatnagar, S; Laumas, K RItem Diarrhoeal disease morbidity in children below 5 years in urban slums of Delhi.(1986-07-01) Bhatnagar, S; Dosajh, UItem Drug therapy in acute and persistent diarrhea.(1991-11-01) Bhan, M K; Bhatnagar, SItem Effect of five-membered heterocycles against Leishmania donovani infection.(1992-07-01) Bhatnagar, S; Nigam, V; Guru, P Y; Katiyar, J C; Mukherjee, A; Gupta, R C; Batra, S; Seth, M; Bhaduri, A PImpact of change of heteroatom in pentavalent heterocycles, viz., pyrroles, isoxazoles, imidazoles and crotonates on the profile of antileishmanial activity against amastigotes of L. donovani using in vivo test system and macrophage-amastigote culture system has been studied. Sixty-three compounds were tested. Nine imidazoles showed marginal activity in vivo, whereas 3 out of 10 compounds of isoxazolone series and 2 out of 4 substituted aminocrotonates exhibited antileishmanial activity. Of the 30 substituted pyrroles, except 8 all showed antileishmanial activity in vivo on day 7 post treatment.Item Effect of food supplementation in the last trimester of pregnancy and early post-natal period on maternal weight and infant growth.(1983-03-01) Bhatnagar, S; Dharamshaktu, N S; Sundaram, K R; Seth, VItem Epidemiology & management of persistent diarrhoea in children of developing countries.(1996-07-01) Bhan, M K; Bhandari, N; Bhatnagar, S; Bahl, RDiarrhoea that begins acutely but lasts longer than two weeks is defined to be persistent. Revised estimates in developing countries including India showed that acute diarrhoea accounts for 35 per cent, dysentery 20 per cent and non-dysenteric persistent diarrhoea (PD) for 45 per cent of total diarrhoeal deaths. PD also often changes marginal malnutrition to more severe forms. Factors that increase the risk of acute diarrhoea becoming persistent have been identified in India and other developing countries. These include antecedent malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency particularly for zinc and vitamin A, transient impairment in cell mediated immunity, infection with entero aggregative Escherichia coli and cryptosporidium, sequential infection with different pathogens and lack of exclusive breast feeding during the initial four months of life particularly use of bovine milk. Several issues regarding the management of persistent diarrhoea in hospitalized children in India have been resolved. Diets providing modest amounts of milk mixed with cereals are well tolerated. In those who fail on such diets providing carbohydrate as a mixture of cereals and glucose or sucrose hasten recovery. The role of antimicrobial agents and individual micronutrients in PD is currently being investigated. A management algorithm appropriate for India and other developing countries has been developed and found to substantially reduce case fatality in hospital settings to about 2-3 per cent. Recent epidemiological and clinical research related to persistent diarrhoea is also reviewed.Item Evaluation of diversified antigens for detection of Mycobacterium leprae antibodies from leprosy patients and contacts.(1994-07-01) Singh, N B; Bhatnagar, S; Choudhary, A; Gupta, H P; Kaul, S MA comparative evaluation of diversified antigens in ELISA has been made for detection of M. leprae antibodies in the sera of leprosy patients and their contacts. Out of the four antigens, namely M. leprae sonicate (ML), phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-1), M. habana sonicate (MH) and its arabinomannan (AM), the cross reactive antigens (MH,AM) have comparatively detected more number of leprosy cases. Homologous antigens (ML, PGL-1) have lower detection level. Use of MH and AM for detection of mycobacterial antibodies have been discussed and advocated for epidemiological studies of leprosy/tuberculosis.Item Exploration of antileishmanial activity in heterocycles; results of their in vivo & in vitro bioevaluations.(1989-11-01) Bhatnagar, S; Guru, P Y; Katiyar, J C; Srivastava, R; Mukherjee, A; Akhtar, M S; Seth, M; Bhaduri, A PA total of 51 imidazoles, pyrroles, quinolines and isoxazolines compounds were screened for antileishmanial activity in vivo and in vitro, using Leishmania donovani as the test parasite. The screening revealed hitherto unknown antileishmanial activity in these heterocycles. Three of the compounds screened (one belonging to isoxazoline series and two from pyrrole series) showed significant anti-leishmanial activity, ranging from 86-91 per cent inhibition in hamsters. When tested in vitro, using macrophage amastigote culture system, these compounds showed inhibition of 62-78 per cent at 30 micrograms/ml concentration.Item Fanconi's constitutional aplastic anemia.(1999-07-31) Bhatnagar, S; Chandra, J; Narayan, S; Jain, VItem Fluid therapy in acute diarrhea.(1991-11-01) Bhandari, N; Bhan, M K; Bhatnagar, SItem Health education.(1996-12-01) Bhatnagar, SItem Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.(1999-08-01) Bhatnagar, S; Patwari, A K; Narayan, S; Lalit, S; Anand, V K